构词
前缀ac- 加强 + company 伙伴 = accompany 陪伴
company n.your friends or the group of people you spend time with 公司；陪伴，同伴；连队
eg：You may know a man by the company he keeps.观其友则知其人。 pursue v. 追求；致力于
eg: She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree. 她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。 衍生
pursuit n.追求；寻求；从事；进行 用法：~ of sth.
eg: The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes.作出这些改变主要是为了追求利润。 构词
形容词后缀
-ful 具有…性质的 careful adj.小心的 hopeful adj.有希望的 doubtful adj.可疑的 forgetful adj.易忘的 respectful adj.谦恭的 -less 无…的
careless adj.粗心的
hopeless adj.没有希望的 doubtless adj.无疑的
homeless adj.having no home 无家的
eg: Thousands of people have been made homeless.上千人无家可归。 A Tribute to the Dog
The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.
狗的赞歌
在这个世上一个人最好的朋友也可能与他反目成仇，他呕心养育的儿女也可能对他忘恩负义。那些我们最亲近的人，那些我们以幸福和名誉信任的人，也可能背叛他们的忠诚。
The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most. A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.
一个人所拥有的财富也可能失去。它可能在最被需要时随风而逝，名声也可能因一念之 差而损毁殆尽。当我们功成名就，一些人卑躬屈膝，极力讨好；当失败的阴云笼罩在我们的头
顶，那些人又可能最先对我们落井下石。而一个人在这充满私欲的世界里的一个绝对无私的朋友，一个永不抛弃他的朋友，一个绝不忘恩负义与背信弃义的朋友，则是他的狗。
A man's dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master's side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper（贫民）master as if （=as though）he were a prince.
一个人的狗无论其主人贫穷富贵，生老病死，都会和他站在一起，永不分离。只要能留在主人身边，它宁愿睡在冰冷的地上而不顾寒风凛冽，大雪纷飞。它会吻主人的手，哪怕主人手里没有一丁点食物；它会抚慰主人在艰难时世中遭遇的身心创伤；它也会如同护卫王子一般，守卫熟睡中潦倒的主人。
When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings（飞走）and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant（不变的） in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast（被遗弃者）in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks (for) no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away(=buried) in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness, faithful and true even to death.
当所有的朋友都弃你而去时，它留了下来。当主人家财四散、名誉扫地，它对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，亘古不变。即使被好运拒之门外，没有朋友，无家可归，他那忠实的狗也会义无反顾地陪伴着他，与他共渡险境，同仇敌忾。如果他的生命被死神夺走，长眠于冰冷的地下，这时，哪怕所有的朋友都离他而去，在他墓旁，那忠诚的狗也会守在那里，将头伏在爪子上，睁开悲伤但充满警惕的双眼，直到死都依旧忠贞，寸步不离。
EXERCISES
I Check Your Comprehension Section A
（ ）1. The best friend a man has may be disloyal to him.
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】课文第一段首句给出答案，“一个人最好的朋友也有可能背叛他而成
为他的敌人”。turn against；背叛；disloyal 不忠的。答案为Y。 （ ）2. The money a man has may fly away when he needs it. 【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】我们可以从课文第二段前两句话得到答案，“金钱也许会在他最需要的
时候从他身边飞走”。fly away ：飞走。答案为Y。
（ ）3. When severe winter sets in, the dog won't stand by its owner. 【正确答案】N
【答案解析】译文：当寒冷的冬天到来的时候，狗不会守在他们主人的身边。从 课文第三段第二句可知，的在寒冬到来之时，愿意躺在冰冷地面守在主人身边。答案为N。
（ ）4. A pet owner must be nice to his pet, hoping that the pet keeps his company forever. 【正确答案】 NG
【答案解析】译文：主人必须好好对待宠物，寄希望于宠物们能永远陪伴在他们身
边。课文第三段及第四段谈及了狗对主人的忠诚，但是并未提及除狗之外的其他宠物，也没提及主人需要好好对待宠物。答案为NG。
（ ）5. A dog will retreat when it encounters tough difficulties. 【正确答案】 N
【答案解析】译文：当的遇到艰难险阻对，它将退却。课文第四段综述了出现任何
情况，狗都会义无反顾地守护主人，而不会退却，答案为N。 （ ）6. When the owner becomes poor and his fame is ruined, the dog's love remains constant just like sunrise and sunset. 【正确答案】 Y
【答案解析】译文：当主人家财四散，名誉扫地，狗对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落，
亘古不变。我们可以从课文第四段第二句可以得出答案。答案为Y。 Section B
1. A son or daughter brought up with great care may turn out to be___________.
【正确答案】sacrificed
【答案解析】根据课文第二段第二句，一个人的名望更会仅仅因为某一次考虑不周的
行为而瞬间丧失殆尽。我们可以找到答案。答案为sacrificed。 4. A man's dog will stick by him whenever he is in ______________ . 【正确答案】prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness
【答案解析】课文第三段第一句提及，A man's dog may stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness，即不管主人是贫穷或富贵、病弱或健康，狗
都会守护在主人的身旁。答案为prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness。 5. When the poor owner sleeps, the dog will tend to him as if he were________. 【正确答案】a prince
【答案解析】我们可以从第三段最后一句得出答案，它忠诚地守卫着熟睡的主人，
俨然这位穷主人就是一位王子。答案为a prince。
6. If the owner unfortunately becomes friendless and homeless, the dog prefers to enjoy the right to ____________.
【正确答案】accompany him 【答案解析】课文第四段第三句可以归纳出本题答案，即主人被世人抛弃、无家可归时，
忠心耿耿的狗也总是形影不离，对抗敌人，保护主人免遭危险。答案为accompany him。
Building Your Vocabulary Section A
1. Many people spend little time in _______ of physical fitness.（pursue, pursuit） 【正确答案】pursuit
【正确答案】ungrateful
【答案解析】课文第一段第二句可以得出答案，即他满怀爱意抚养长大的儿女可能不知感恩。答案为ungrateful。
2. Those people we are faithful to may betray ______________. 【正确答案】us
【答案解析】第一段最后一句提及，那些我们最近最亲的人，我们信任他们，把自己的幸福和名声都托付于他们，他们都有可能会舍弃忠诚而背叛我们。答案为us。
3. When a person commits a mistake on purpose, his good fame may be______ .
【答案解析】译文：许多人花费很少的时间追求身体健康。in pursuit of 是固定搭配，追求、追寻的意思。答案为pursuit。
2. His_________ old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.（faith, faithful） 【正确答案】faithful
【答案解析】译文：无论他到哪，他忠诚的狗都一直陪伴他。空格处的词修饰名词短语old dog。因此应填入形容词faithful ，而非名词faith。答案为faithful。
3. At any time, don't feel sad for a（n）_________ man.（grateful, ungrateful）
【正确答案】ungrateful
【答案解析】译文：任何时候，都不要为忘恩负义的人伤心。grateful：感恩的。ungrateful：
忘恩负义的。由句意可知，应填入ungrateful 。答案为ungrateful。
4. Often they are competing____________ with fellow Spaniards for contracts.（fierce, fiercely）
【正确答案】fiercely
【答案解析】compete with 是固定动词词组格配，与……竞争的意思。空格中的词修饰前面
的动词compete ，因此用填入副词形式的fiercely（ 猛烈地）。答案为fiercely。
5. The war was followed by a long period of peace and ________________.（prosperous , prosperity）
【正确答案】prosperity
【答案解析】译文：战争之后是长时间的和平与繁荣。空格中填入的词与前面的 名词peace 并列，根据and前后一致的原则，应填入名词prosperity（ 繁荣）。答案为prosperity。
6. The service at the famous hotel failed to live up to its_____.（repute, reputation） 【正确答案】reputation
【答案解析】译文：这个有名饭店的服务辜负了它的名誉。live up to 是固定短语搭配，不
辜负的意思。its后面的空格应填入名词reputation（ 名誉）。答案为reputation。
Section B privilege prone poverty alert constant scene desert unselfish 1．Senior managers enjoy certain __ _, such as company cars and private healthcare. 【正确答案】privileges
【答案解析】译文：高级经理享受一定的特殊待遇，比如公司配车以及私人医疗服 务。空格处的词在certain 后面，因此应填入一个名词且与前面的senior 相搭配，
根据句意privileges 符合题意。答案为privileges。
2. Japanese consumers also remain _________to saving, not spending, as the recession deepens.
【正确答案】prone 【答案解析】译文：随着经济衰退加深，日本顾客倾向于节省而非消费。 be prone
to 是固定搭配，易于……的意思。答案为prone。
3. In Africa, for example, ____________ has actually risen over the past decade. 【正确答案】poverty
【答案解析】译文：在非洲，举例来说，过去的十年贫困程度确实在加深。空格中 的词做主语，且根据前面的关键词非洲，可知空格处应填入poverty （贫困）。答案为poverty。
4. Although he's over eighty, his mind is still remarkably_____________.
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