? It’s only five minutes’ walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。 3. 表示自然现象。
? It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。 4. 表示环境、形势等。
? If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语 从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
? It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。
2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语 是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
? It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语 动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的 时候了＂。
? It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。
4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态， 由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后 面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）…… 次做……＂。
? It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。
5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
? It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ ? It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen， seem等词是不及物动词。
? It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。
7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定 式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑
主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible， kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为： sb is＋adj.＋to do sth
? It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。
8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑 主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰 动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult， dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
? It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party. 对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间
? It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱
? It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。
11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……
? It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。
12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝
not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
? It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语 从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
? I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。 ? I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。 ? I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜
想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
? I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。
? The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。 ? We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。
? I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。 六、it构成强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。 2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
? It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday. 我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语) ? It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube. 正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语) ? It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day. 每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语) 3. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that后
只能用肯定形式。
? He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才睡觉。 ? I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
4. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其他
句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意不完整。
? It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型） ? It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
1.（2018年·浙江卷·语法填空）Many westerners 57 who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. 【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
2. I’m afraid you can’t _______ to the village in an hour; you must allow for the icy road.
A. get it 【答案】D
【解析】句意:恐怕你不能在一小时后到达那个村庄；你必须考虑到路面结冰。get it弄明白；take it认为；leave it把它遗留在某地；make it及时抵达，成功。 3. —Alice, turn off the light and lock the door before you leave.
—_______.
A. Got it B. Made it 【答案】A
【解析】句意：＂爱丽丝，离开之前把灯关掉，把门锁好。＂ ＂知道了。＂got it知道，明白；made it约定时间，做成某事。故选A。
4. —Mom. I came first in the National Basic Skill Competition. —Well done! _______. A. Keep it up 【答案】A
【解析】keep it up＂继续努力；再接再厉＂，符合题意。take it easy别着急；放松；catch it受罚；受责罚；hold it稍等；别动。句意：＂妈妈，我在国家基本技能大赛上得了第一名。＂＂做得太棒了！要再接再厉＂
B. Take it easy
C. Catch it
D. Hold it.
C. Heard it
D. Taken it
B. take it
C. leave it
D. make it
题组一基础过关
用适当的代词填空
1. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city. 2.—May I ask for leave tomorrow?
—No，you can’t.________ applying for the scholarship must be present. 3. I dislike ________ when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger. 4.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get ________ for me?
5.＂Speed up. 70 km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic，＂ another voice ordered from the seat next to ________ (I).
6.She asked ________ (I) name and said she didn’t remember me.
7.Years have passed. Now，every time I sit down to write ________ new，I think of Mr Gough. 8.Both teams were in hard training；________ was willing to lose the game. 9.—How many students are there in the classroom now? —________. I have locked it.
10.Saying is one thing and doing is ________.
题组二能力提升
I. 单项选择
1.—What do you think about that new librarian?
—She is _______ of a good clerk, for she even doesn’t know how to classify the books. A. somebody
B. nothing
C. something D. nobody
2. College students should learn to compromise. But some of them only expect people to change for them, not _______ way around. A. another
B. the other
C. other
D. any other
3. Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent. A. which
B. it
C. them
D. those
4. According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth concentration in China has risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than _______ of the US. A. this
B. one
C. that
D. such
5.—I’ve sold my first painting!
—This is really _______! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic. A. everything
B. anything
C. nothing
D. something
6. It’s one thing to send a short message but _______ to hove the person receiving the message actually do something.
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