英汉翻译总复习(2)

英汉翻译总复习

I. Directions: Decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

1.“以效果而论， 翻译应当像临画一样，所求得不在形似而在神似”。这是

鲁迅提出的翻译观点。

2. 玄奘提倡翻译理论和实践相结合，其诸如增补、省略、变位、分合、替代

等在今天仍有指导意义。

3. 英语中代词、介词、连词的使用频率高。汉语的数词使用得多, 因为汉语

的成语及缩略语靠数词构成。

4. 英语属于“多枝共干型”或“葡萄串型”，英语句子如“老树参天, 枝杈横

生” 句子长，插入成分多， 形成复杂嵌套结构，呈现“右分支” (right-branching )状，“前重心”，即主要信息放在主句中，放在句首，前重后轻，呈“孔雀尾”（头小尾大）状。

5. 一般来讲，在英语句子中，名词和介词占优势，而在汉语中动词占优势。 6. 汉语是一门动词化的语言，而英语主要以名词为主，呈静态特点。 7. 两汉至唐宋时期对佛经的翻译掀起了我国翻译史的第一次翻译高潮。 8. 就英汉对比而言，汉语重语义，英语重结构，汉语多补充，英语多省略。 9． 英汉两种语言分属不同的语系，汉语属于汉臧语系（Sino-Tibetan）英语，

属于印欧语系（Indo-European）。

10．释道安提出“五失本，三不易”的翻译理论。“三不易”指翻译工作中的

三种难事：难得恰当，难得契合，难得正确。

11．玄奘提倡翻译理论和实践相结合，其诸如增补、省略、变位、分合、替

代等在今天仍有指导意义。

12. 由于词汇使用频率不对应， 翻译是时不能拘泥与字面的对应， 而应该

以整体意义为重，灵活变通。

13．汉语句子属于语义型或意合型 (parataxis)，依仗意义，即内在的逻辑关

系组织语言的手段，“以意统形”，英语句子属于(hypotaxis）语法型或形合型 ，依仗形式（包括词“集” （词组乃至语篇）的语言组织手段。 14． 鲁迅提出了翻译要“宁信而不顺”，而钱钟书则提出翻译要做到“神似”。 15. 玄奘提出的翻译标准“既须求真，又须喻俗”，直到今天，对翻译实 践仍有指导意义。

16. 就英汉对比而言，汉语多名词，英语多代词，汉语多具体，英语多抽象。 17．林纾和严复是我国历史上西学翻译时期的代表人物。林纾主要翻译西方

政治经济学说，而严复以文学翻译为主。 18．玄奘提出翻译既须求真，又须喻俗。

19．汉语的量词使用频率高, 正如英语的冠词一样。 20．汉语句子往往是句子较短，结构紧凑，属于“左分支”结构(left-branching)21 21．“文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，

既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算入于‘化境’。”这是钱钟书提出的翻译观点。 22. 一般来讲，英语中长句居多，而汉语中短句居多。

23．就英汉对比而言，汉语多短句，英语多长句，汉语多推理，英语多引申。 24．汉语是一门名词化的语言，具有静态特点，而英语主要以动词为主，具

有动态特点。

1. 林纾和严复是我国历史上西学翻译时期的代表人物。林纾主要翻译西方政

治经济学说，而严复以文学翻译为主。

2. 释道安提出“五失本，三不易”的翻译理论。“五失本”是指有五种情况

可以允许译文不同于原文。

3. 英汉两种语言分属不同的语系，汉语属于汉臧语系（Sino-Tibetan）英语，

属于印欧语系（Indo-European）。 4. 汉语词类的划分主要依据词义，即词义的实与虚、动与静、具体与抽象等；

英语的此类划分依据是语法，此类与句子成分有严格的对应关系，词义倒在其次。

5. 由于英汉词汇意义存在不对应现象，翻译时应通过各种手段对译入语加以

补充或限定，技巧上表现为词语的增减、阐释、借用、音译等手段的运用。

6．严复提出信达雅三原则，钱钟书提出翻译要做到神似。

7.汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性

(overtness)。

8．就英汉对比而言，汉语多主动，英语多被动，汉语多后重心，英语多前重

心心。

释道安提出“五失本，三不易”的翻译理论。“五失本”是指有五种情况可以

允许译文不同于原文。

2. 英汉两种语言分属不同的语系，汉语属于汉臧语系（Sino-Tibetan）英语，

属于印欧语系（Indo-European）。

3. 由于词类的性质不同, 词类转换便成了汉英翻译中经常使用的技巧。

4. 一般来讲，在英语句子中，名词和介词占优势，而在汉语中动词占优势。 5. 汉语具有形合的特点，以简洁为美；而英语具有意合的特点，追求严谨。

6.汉语语法呈隐含性(covertness)，英语语法呈外显性

(overtness)，这是英汉两种语言在语法形式结构上的重要不同点。 7. 林纾提出“信、达、雅”的翻译准则，钱钟书提出“化境”。

8. 就英汉对比而言，汉语多主动，英语多被动；汉语多后重心，英语多前重

心。

II. Directions: Write the equivalent of each version in terms of meaning and expressiveness from

the expressions available.

1. 大雪 2. 大师 3. 吃苦 4. 意译 5. Class 6. prosperity 7. crisis law 8. street gossip 9. rumours

10. Keep in lane! 11. 大浪

12. 大亨 13. 吃不开

14. 直译

14. Committee

15. great contributions 16. spy film 17. careless

18. street gossip 19. rumours

20. Keep in lane!

21. 大风 22. 吃亏 23. 异化 24．直译 25. family 26. vivid

27. riot police 28. rumours

29．great contributions 30. spy film

31大树 32. 大雾 33. 吃香 34. 我送你回家 35. Very timid

36. Keep off the lawn! 37. street gossip 38. hesitate 39. rumours

40. Keep in lane! 41. 大楼 42. 吃惊 43. 归化 44. in chaos 45. Keep in lane! 46. crisis law 47. spy film

48. Keep off the lawn! 49. big cheese 50. hesitate

iii. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Tell what translation technique you use in

translating each of them.

1. The interest rates have see-sawed between 10 and 15 percent. 2. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 3. He admires the president’s stated decision to fight for the job. 4. A view of Mt.Fuji can be obtained form here.

5. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.

6. If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics.

7. His image as a good student was badly tarnished.

8. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.

9. Our educational policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally, intellectually and physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture.

10.My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 11.He regarded the National Day edition of that paper as a collector’s item. 12.A seagull saw the light from my window and darted up to it.

13.We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.

14.Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.

15.There had been too much publicity about his love affairs.

16.He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 17.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.

18.I couldn’t agree more with you.

19.Such mistakes couldn’t long escape notice.

20.Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.

21.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 22.Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power.

23.One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.

24.He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 25.Some of my classmates are good singers.

26.Naturally the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours.

27.He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there.

28.M.Gorky had deep sympathy for the insulted and the injured.

29.In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.

30. My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 31.With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 32.The crowded melted away.

33.May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world.

34.Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.

35.We want such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.