2.阅读理解(2篇)＋完形填空＋短文改错
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·山东聊城二模)
话题：学习德语
Itcanbearealstruggletryingtolearnanewlanguage.Ihadalwaysenjoyedlearninglanguagesinschool
，
词数：309 难度：★★ butonlyrecentlydidIstartlearningGerman.IfoundthatIcouldunderstandandlearnindividualwordseasily
，
butwhenitcametoliterature
，
Ireallystruggled.Thatwaswhenmytutoratuniversitysuggestedreadingsomechildren’sbooksprintedinthetargetlanguage.
Atfirst，Ifeltabitsillygoingonahuntforabookdesignedforsomeonehalfmyage，butthenIrealisedthateveryonehastostartsomewhere.Aschildren
，
wearegiventhesebasictextstofamiliariseourbrainswithcertainvocabularyandwritingstructures
，
andfromthere
，
wecanlearnanddevelop.IstartedwithbookswhicharetaughttousaschildrenintheUK.ImanagedtofindOliverTwistbyCharlesDickensandJamesandtheGiantPeachbyRoaldDahl.
Thebeautyofreadingbooksthatwereintroducedtoyouasachildisthatyouarealreadyfamiliarwiththeplot.Asaresult
，
youcanworkoutsomeofthedefinitionsofwordswithyourpriorknowledgeofthestory.Atfirst，
Iusedtoreadwiththebookinonehandandadictionaryintheother
，
butthismethoddidnotworkwellforme.ThemethodIwouldrecommendistoreadachapterofyourchosenchildren’sbookandattheendofthatchapter
，
highlightthewordsyoudonotknowandthenlookupthedefinitions.Ifyoucanwaitabitbeforeyouuseadictionary
，
youmaybesurprisedwhatyoucangetmerelyfromthecontextofthesentenceinthestory.Additionally
，
alotofchildren’sbookshavepictureswhichmaygiveyouaclueastowhatortowhomthepassageisreferring.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。作者在学德语，因为看不懂文学作品，导师建议她看德语儿童书籍，她因此得到了意外的惊喜。 1
1．Whywastheauthoradvisedtoreadchildren’sbooks? A．Becauseshewasweakinreadinggreatworks. B．Becauseshewasslowtolearnlanguage. C．Becauseshelikedchildren’sliterature. D．Becauseshecouldn’trememberanywords. 答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知作者只能理解单个的单词，对于文学作品理解起来很费劲，所以她的导师建议她看一些用目标语言写的儿童书。故选A。 2．Whatcankidsgetfromchildren’sbooksaccordingtothepassage? A．Vocabularyandlisteningskills. B．Learningmethods. C．Wordsandstructures. D．Designingskills. 答案 C 解析
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“Aschildren，
wearegiventhesebasictextstofamiliariseourbrainswithcertainvocabularyandwritingstructures...”可知儿童在看儿童书时可以熟知其中的词汇和写作结构，故选C。 3．Whatcausestheauthorfeelsurprisedwhilereadingchildren’sbooks? A．Graspingthecontextfromthepictures.
B．Lookingupthedefinitionsofwordsfromadictionary. C．Gettingfamiliarwiththeplotsofthestory. D．Understandingthewordssimplyfromthecontext. 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Ifyoucanwaitabitbeforeyouuseadictionary，youmaybesurprisedwhatyoucangetmerelyfromthecontextofthesentenceinthestory.”可知如果先不查词典，从语境中就可以猜出词义，故选D。 4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage? A．ReadingChildren’sBooks B．TheWayofLearningLanguages C．TheMethodofUsingDictionary D．MyGoodReadingHabits 答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。全文讲述了作者通过读目标语言的儿童书来学习外语的经历，故选A。
2
B
(2019·山西运城4月模拟)
话题：提升心情
It’sundeniablethatspendingtimeoutdoorsandinnatureliftsourspiritsandmakesusfeelmorecenteredandatpeace.Whenwebreatheinfreshair，andenjoythebeautyoftrees，streamsandoceans，wenaturallytendtofeelmoreconnectedtoourselvesandothers.
Overthepastdecade
，
词数：363 难度：★★★ scientistshavebeenexploringwhynature—anddirtspecifically—issuchapowerfultoolinimprovingourmood.Accordingtoresearchers，thesecretmaylieinthemicrobes(微生物) ofthesoil.Onebacteriumspecifically—MycobacteriumVaccae
(M.Vaccae)—hasbeenidentifiedashavingthepowertoaffectourmoodsandcognitivefunctionaswell.
ExperimentsconductedatSageCollegesinNewYorkfoundthatcontactwithM．Vaccaecanincreaseserotoninlevelsinthebrain—achemicalthatisassociatedwithhigherlevelsofhappiness
，
increasedfocus
，，
andreducedanxiety.Inordertoexplorehowthebacteriacanimprovelearning
researchersDoryMathewsandSusanJenksexperimentedwithmiceinamaze.Micethatingestedthebacterianavigatedthemazetwiceasfastasthecontrolgroupandprovedlessanxiousaswell.
HumanscanabsorbM．Vaccaejustbyplayinginthedirt.Wetakeinitwhenwebreathe，weconsumeitinorganicvegetables
anditcanalsoenterourbloodstreamthroughskincontact
，，
especiallywherewehaveopencuts.Thismayexplainwhychildreninschoolperformbetterafterbreak.
NeuroscientistChristopherLowryattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandbelievesthathehasidentifiedwhythisincrediblebacteriumworks.“Whatwethinkhappensisthatthebacteriaactivateimmunecells
，
whichreleasechemicalscalledcytokinesthatthenactonreceptorsonthesensorynervestoincreasetheiractivity.”
BeyondthepowerofM
．
Vaccae
，，，，
scientistshavebeenprovingfordecadesthatexposuretodirtandthehugenumberofmicrobesfoundindirt
canstrengthenourimmunesystem.Whenourbodycomesintocontactwithbacteria
3
itstoresdieinformationinatypeoflibraryandcanthenusethatinformationtofightsicknessandinfectionmoreeffectively.
Happiness，focus，lessanxiety...I’lltakeadoubledoseofdirt; please! 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是“尘土”让人们在户外活动时精神振奋以及它如何提升你的心情的。 5．Whatraisespeople’sspiritswhilespendingtimeoutdoors? A．Air. C．Water. 答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在过去的十年里，科学家们一直在探索为什么大自然——尤其是泥土——是改善我们情绪的有力工具。故“泥土”让人们在户外活动时精神振奋。故选D。
6．HowdoesM．Vaccaework? A．Byworkingonsensorynerves. B．Byfightingsicknessandinfection. C．Bystrengtheningtheimmunesystem. D．Bymakingimmunecellsactive. 答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，细菌激活了免疫细胞，免疫细胞释放一种叫作细胞因子的化学物质，然后作用于感觉神经上的受体，来增加它们的活性。所以，M.Vaccae是通过激活免疫细胞来工作的。故选D。
7．Accordingtothetext，whatdoestheauthorintendtodonext? A．Providesomeadviceonreducinganxietyforreaders. B．Summarizethepreviousparagraphsaboutliftingone’smood. C．Explainhowheorshewillexposehimselforherselftodirt. D．Introduceanewtopicrelatedtodirtfordiscussion. 答案 C 解析
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Happiness，focus，
B．Trees. D．Dirt.
lessanxiety...I’lltakeadoubledoseofdirt; please！”可知作者接下来打算解释他或她将如何接触泥土。故选C。
8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A．FightSicknessandInfectionMoreEffectively B．HowGettingDirtyCanActuallyLiftYourMood
4
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