Egypt

起，小学和中学实行免费教育，现在6-14岁的儿童都必须接受强制性教育。公立高中和大学教育也实行免费教育，但不是强制性的。 人口

埃及人口估计约7千8百万，99%的人口由居住在西奈半岛和东西部的沙漠中具有东哈姆游牧族血统（包括埃及人，贝都因人和柏柏尔人）的人组成，而1%的人属于希腊人、努比亚人、亚美尼亚人或其它欧洲血统（主要是意大利和法国人）。 几乎所有的人口都集中在尼罗河沿岸（尤其是亚历山大和开罗）、尼罗河三角洲和苏伊士运河附近。 Capital首都 Cairo开罗 Languages语言

Nearly the entire population of Egypt speaks Arabic. Only well-educated people easily understand standard Arabic. Colloquial Egyptian Arabic is the language of daily conversation. Many Nubians also speak their ancestral language. Berber is spoken in a few settlements in the oases of the Western Desert. Coptic Christians use the Coptic language, descended from ancient Egyptian, for liturgical purposes, but it is not a language in daily use. English and French are common second languages among educated Egyptians.

几乎所有的埃及人都说阿拉伯语，只有受过良好教育的人懂得标准阿拉伯语。 通俗的阿拉伯语是日常用语。 许多努比亚人也说他们祖传下来的语言。在西部沙漠绿洲的几个居住地的人使用柏柏尔语。科普特基督徒在做礼拜时使用祖传下来的科普特语言，但这不是他们日常使用的语言。 英语和法语是埃及受教育者的常用第二语言。 Religions宗教信仰

Mainly Islam (94%). Although most Egyptian Muslims respect and agree on the basic tenets of Islam, their religious perspectives differ. Coptic Christian and other make up to 6%.

以伊斯兰教为主（占94%）。虽然大多数埃及穆斯林信徒信奉伊斯兰教教义，但他们对宗教的看法不一。科普特和其它基督徒占6%。 Economy经济

Egypt\media. In addition to the agricultural, Egypt\natural gas, phosphates, and iron ore. Crude oil is found primarily in the Gulf of Suez and in the Western Desert. Natural gas is found mainly in the Nile Delta, off the

Mediterranean sea shore, and in the Western Desert. There are more than 5 million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Gulf area like UAE, and Europe.埃及的经济主要依靠尼罗河流域的农业生产。除了农业，埃及的自然资源还包括石油、天然气、磷矿和铁矿。 原油主要产于苏伊士湾和西部沙漠。天然气主要产于尼罗河三角洲、地中海沿岸和西部沙漠。 大约5百万埃及人在国外工作，主要是在沙特阿拉伯、海湾地区如阿联酋以及欧洲。

Currency C Egyptian Pound货币―埃及镑

The Egyptian pound (currency code EGP) is the current legal currency of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Locally, the abbreviation LE is frequently used. E￡ and ￡E have also bee used unofficially. The exchange rate of the Egyptian pound is around 1 USD for 5.76 EGP. Main Sporting Events and Achievement in Olympics

Most Egyptians love sports and soccer is the most popular. Girls and boys from middle-class families play tennis, squash and other sports. Egypt’s national football team won the inaugural African Nations Cup in 1957, and also won the tournament in 1959, 1986, and 1998. They were the first African country to participate in the World Cup in 1934 and Egypt had also qualified for the World Cup in 1990.

The 2004 Athens Olympics was the country’s fifteenth participation and it has won a total of five medals, including once a gold medal from Karam Ibrahim in the Wrestling (men\Greco-Roman, 96 kg). Since its first participation in 1896 Olympics, it has earned a total of 23 medals.

埃及镑（货币代码EGP）是埃及的合法流通货币。 地方上的人常把埃及镑缩写成LF。E￡和￡E也被非正式的使用。 一美元通常可以兑换5.76 EGP。 主要的运动项目和奥运上取得的成就

大多数埃及人喜欢运动，其中足球最受欢迎。 中产阶级的孩子喜欢网球、壁球和其它运动。埃及国家足球队在1957年赢得首次非洲国家杯冠军，并先后赢得1959，1986和1998年的锦标赛冠军。1934年，他们作为非洲国家首次参加世界杯赛，并且进入了1990年的世界杯。 埃及参加了2004年的雅典奥运会，这是埃及第15次参加奥运会，埃及共赢得5枚奖牌，包括Karam Ibrahim夺得男子96公斤摔跤的金牌。自从1896年首次参加奥运会以来，埃及共赢得23枚奖牌。 Culture

Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world\ancient monuments, including the Giza Pyramids, the Karnak Temple and the Valley of

the Kings; the southern city of Luxor contains a particularly large number of ancient artifacts. Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions.

The family remains the most remarkable unit of Egyptian society, and kinship played a valuable role in virtually all social relations. An individual\social identity was closely linked to his or her status in the network of kin relations. Socialization of children emphasized integration among their kin group. A valuable goal of marriage was to ensure the continuity of a family. A husband and wife were not considered a family until they produced their first child.

A woman retained membership in her patrilineage regardless of her marital status. Indeed, if members of her lineage were feuding with members of her husband\lineage, the wife was expected to side with her paternal family. A woman was entitled to make demands of her father and brothers, particularly in case of marital difficulties, throughout her life. Most women generally preferred to live near home and thus tried to avoid marriages with men whose families lived in other cities or villages. Geographical proximity to patrilineal kin served as a source of emotional support in the early years of marriage when women were most vulnerable to divorce. Women in villages often asked their brothers to hold their inheritances for them. This move helped prevent mistreatment of the women by their in-laws. A divorced woman could have her brother return the inheritance to her as her children approached adulthood. 文化

埃及以其古老的文明和一些令世界惊叹的古建筑而闻名，这些古建筑包括吉萨金字塔，卡尔奈克寺庙和帝王山谷；南部城市卢克斯特拥有特别多的古代文物。埃及被誉为阿拉伯世界和中东地区的主要政治文化中心。

家庭仍然是埃及社会最重要的组成单元，血族关系在埃及所有社会关系中都扮演着重要角色。个人的社会地位与其在亲缘关系中的身份紧密相连，儿童的社交强调与其亲缘关系的整合，婚姻的目的在于确保家庭的延续。夫妻只有在生下他们的第一个孩子后才被视为组成了一个家庭。 结婚的女子仍然保留其父系家族的成员身份。事实上，如果她本人的家庭成员和丈夫的家庭人员发生冲突的话，妻子应该站在她父亲这一边。 女子一生都有权向她们的父亲和兄弟提出要求，尤其是在婚姻出现困难的时候。 大多数妇女倾向于住在她们原来的家附近，所以总是避免与其它城市或村庄的男子结婚。 与父亲在地理上靠近有助于在结婚早期妇女最易发生离婚的时候寻

求感情上的支持。 村庄里的女子常叫她们的兄弟帮助占有财产，这使她们免受姻亲的虐待。妇女在儿女成年后可以让她们的兄弟归还其财产。

古埃及鲜为人知的11件事

Ancient Egypt stood as one of the world's mostadvanced civilizations for nearly 3,000 years andcreated a culture so rich that it has spawned its ownfield of study. But while Egyptian art, architectureand burial methods have become enduring objectsof fascination, there is still a lot you probably don'tknow about these famed builders of the pyramids.From the earliest recorded peace treaty to ancientboard games, find out 11 surprising facts about theGift of the Nile.

说到古埃及，人们能想到的著名人物除图特王外，恐怕就剩埃及艳后克娄巴特拉七世了。尽管克娄巴特拉出生于亚历山大，但她其实是马其顿的后人，而马其顿人则是亚历山大大帝最信任的上将托勒密一世的后裔。从公元前323年到公元前30年，托勒密王朝一直管辖着埃及，其大部分领袖都出身于希腊文化背景。而克娄巴特拉之所以如此有名，是因为她是托勒密王朝第一批会说埃及语的王室成员。

1. Cleopatra was not Egyptian. 埃及艳后并非埃及人

Along with King Tut, perhaps no figure is more famously associated with ancient Egypt thanCleopatra VII. But while she was born in Alexandria, Cleopatra was actually part of a long line ofGreek Macedonians originally descended from Ptolemy I, one of Alexander the Great's mosttrusted lieutenants. The Ptolemaic Dynasty ruled Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C., and