Section Ⅳ Grammar
非限制性定语从句
1．(教材P38)Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.
2．(教材P38)She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.
3．(教材P38)“...You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning，” explained Xie Lie，who had lived all her life in the same city in China.
4．(教材P38)Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
5．(教材P38)He wanted to know what I thought，which confused me because I thought that the author of the article...I did.
非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
◆Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America. 李明是我表弟，他已经逐渐适应了美国的生活。
◆Our graduation will be held in July, when we will say goodbye to our teachers. 我们的毕业典礼将在七月举行，那时我们将和老师们告别。
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Recently, an important volleyball game will be held in our campus, which will be not only meaningful but also exciting.
最近，一个重要的排球比赛将在我们的学校举行，这不仅是有意义的，而且令人兴奋。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
◆We’ll graduate in July, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Secondly, I can speak English correctly and fluently, which I think would be an advantage to communicate with the visitors. 其次，我能正确流利地说英语，我认为这将是一个与游客交流的优势。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词
(1)which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
◆A five－year－old girl can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁的小女孩会说两门外语，这使在场的所有人都感到惊讶。 (2)who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语。 ◆Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
(3)as既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 ◆As is expected, Henry has been recommended as our monitor. 不出所料，亨利被推荐为我们的班长。 (4)whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
◆Mr.Smith, whose foot was badly hurt, was quickly sent to the local hospital. 史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，他很快就被送到了当地医院。 2．关系副词
when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。
◆(2019·天津卷)My classmates and I are more than delighted to hear that you’ll stay in our school for one week this summer vacation, when you’ll give us a presentation about art in western countries.
我和我的同学们非常高兴听到这个暑假你会在我们学校待一个星期，那时你会给我们展示西方国家艺术。
◆Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park，where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园里野餐了，他们在那里玩得很开心。
(1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(2)非限制性定语从句中，不用why引导，用for which代替why。
◆He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他整个假期都忙于工作，这令他的女朋友很生气。
◆The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting，wasn’t given. 他为何缺席会议，没有给出任何理由。
as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 指代 as 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 which 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 引导从句不能置于主句之前 这，那 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 位置 意义 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 正如 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 功能 ◆As we all know, the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
◆The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success. 正如所期盼的，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
◆(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.
因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择
选关系代词还是人称代词或指示代词，关键是要分清句子结构。如果是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词；如果是并列句，用人称代词或指示代词。
◆He has three sons, none of whom is an engineer.(定语从句) 他有三个儿子，没有一个是工程师。
◆He has three sons, but none of them is an engineer.(并列句) 他有三个儿子，但没有一个是工程师。 ◆He has three sons, who are engineers.(定语从句) 他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。 ◆He has three sons.They are engineers.
他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。(两个简单句)
◆He has three sons, and they are engineers. 他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。(并列句)
Ⅰ 单句语法填空
1．The famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty, which surprised the public. 2．The old couple has a son, who has served in the army for two years. 3．In Canada, skating and ice hockey are popular with teenagers, many of whom play them from an early age.
4．David decided to read a book about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several times. 5．They took a journey into the wilds of China where few people had ever been. 6．There was a time when Marty felt like that he lost everything. 7．The fire destroyed more than three quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were made of wood.
8．Have you heard of the bomb explosion about which they are talking now? 9．The main reason why she keeps a dog is that she feels very lonely. 10．As you can see, I have a degree in finance, and I also have three years of work experience.
11．The old man has a son, who is in the army now. 12．The director was always speaking highly of Mary’s role in the play, which,__of course, made other actors unhappy.
13．I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, when the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
14．I was greatly impressed with the girl, whose voice was so sweet. 15．As is often the case, some students play computer games so late that they can’t finish their homework on time.
Ⅱ 单句改错
1．The books on the desk, their covers are shiny, are prizes for the winners in the contest.
their→whose 2．Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, it is quite unexpected.
it→which或在it前加and
3．My favorite writer is Mo Yan, some of his novels have very surprising endings.
his→whose或在some前加and
4．I would like to choose the student, whom I think is the best, to be our monitor.
whom→who 5．I wish to thank my English teacher, without whom help, I couldn’t have made such great progress.
whom→whose 6．You, who is a middle school teacher, should help your students adjust to the school life as soon as possible.
is→are 7．Their only son, whom the couple had been devoted, lost his life while saving a boy from drowning.
whom前或在devoted后加to
8．I came up with several solutions at the meeting, but none of which were adopted by our sales manager.
which→them或去掉but Ⅲ 同义句转换
1．They live in a house, whose windows face south. They live in a house, the__windows__of__which face south. 2．He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. He has two daughters, both__of__whom are college students. 3．They thanked Tom, because they could not have succeeded without his support. They thanked Tom, without__whose support they could not have succeeded. 4．I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen. I have many friends, some__of__whom are businessmen. 5．Mr. Smith is a famous scientist and I have learned a lot from him. Mr. Smith, from__whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist. 6．I lost my wallet that day, so I had to walk home. I lost my wallet that day, for__which I had to walk home. Ⅳ 语法与写作
1．我的眼镜丢了。没有它，我什么也看不清。
My glasses are lost, without__which__I__can__see__nothing clearly. 2．正如他所说，她对孩子们十分有耐心。 As__he__says,__she is very patient with children. 3．这个体育场建于10年前，在这里已经举行过很多重要的赛事。
The stadium, in__which__many__important__events__have__been__held,__was built ten years ago.
4．这个课程是为这些学生设计的，他们中大多数人可以讲几种语言。 The
course
is
designed
for
these
students,
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