高中英语讲义一 名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从，同从）
1, 完整，
个 that 可省略。 You study hard.
主从： That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard. 表从： My opinion is that you study hard .
宾从：I th in k （that） you study hard. -and that （不能省略）…. 同从：My opi nion that you study hard is known to us. * 比较同从和主从！
一般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定语从句。 I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （that 后完整一同从） I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time. （that 后不完整---定从）
2,
一般问句做名从用连词
whether（是if （介词后或宾
陈述句做名从用连词that + SV, that表主句肯定从句不做成分。主从可用it做形式主语，宾从第一
否）+ SV, whether表主句不肯定从句完整，宾从中可用
从后有 or not 时只用 whether ）。 Does your friend like English ?
主从： Whether your friend likes English isn 'clear .=It isn 'clear whether your friend likes English. 表从： My question is whether your friend likes English. 宾从： I don 'know whether/ if your friend likes English. 同从： My question whether your friend likes English isn 'clear. 3,
特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词） + SV,疑问词做主语时直接 +谓语。连接代词
（what/which/who/whose…） 表主句不肯定从句不完整，连接副词（ whe n/where/why/how ）表主句不肯定从句完整。
Where did you go just now ?
主从： Where you went just now isn 'clear.= It isn 'clear where you went just now. 表从： My questi on is where you went just now. 宾从：I won der where you went just now.
同从： My question where you went just now isn 'clear.
当主句为现在时态从句时态不受影响，
当主句为过去时态从句就应该变成过去的某种时态，
但客观真
理总用一般现在时，有固定过去时间总用过去时。
高频考点1,当主从句都缺成分时指物用
what/whatever/whichever（有范围）,指人用 whoever / whomever（做宾语）.
The buildi ngs have built in _what_ was farmla nd. _What_ you n eed is courage.
The prize will be awarded to _whoever_ has won the game. You can choose _what/whatever/whomever_ you like. Of all, you can choose _whichever_ you like .
2, No matter+疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句（主从句逗号分开）
，疑问词+ever既可引导让步状从，
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又可引导名从（从句在主句中做成分） 。
_No matter who / whoever-has broke n the law , he ll'be puni shed . _Whoever_ has broke n the law will be puni shed.
3, 扌由象名词(fact, news/word, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, problem, possibility/chanee ,rumor, concept…)后常用that引导同从。
News /word came that you had passed the exam. There is no possibility/ chanee that he 'Icome.
练习1
1. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _____ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or
bran ches hidde n in the water.
2. I truly believe ____ beauty comes from withi n.
3. ____ we un dersta nd thi ngs has a lot to do with what we feel.
4. ____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won 'accept it. 5. We must find out _____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 6. A ship in harbor is safe, but that 'not ______ ships are built for. 7. ——I won der ___ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
——By work ing out every day.
8. You have to know ____ you 're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 10. The exhibition tells us _____ we should do something to stop air pollution.
11. Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea. ” This is ____ my mother used to tell me. 12. I think _____ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
13. It is difficult for us to imagine ____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 14. ——Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale Uni versity yesterday?
----Yeah, but I have no idea ___ he did it; that 'one of his favorite universities. 15. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _____ you 're afraid to do.
16. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 17. ——What a mess! You are always so lazy!
——I'm not to blame, Mum. I am ____ you have made me.
18. As John Lennon once said, life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 19. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, That' _______ I was born.”
20. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ____ you are better than anyone else on the
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sports field.
21. Experts believe _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 22. ____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 23. ____ struck me most in the movie was the father 'deep love for his son. 24. ____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
25. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ____ close you may be to victory.
26. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 27. ____ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
28. It rema ins to be see n ___ the n ewly formed committee 'policy can be out into practice. 29. ____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 30. It is by no means clear ____ the preside nt can do to end the strike. 练习2
1. The Beatles were in many ways pion eers for ____ was to come, like holdi ng con certs in sports stadiums. 2. Bli nd people have their own ways to tell the shape of an object and ____ it is day or ni ght. 3. ——Do you enjoy the latest movies?
——Yeah, I will go for ___ is on.
4. When you are read ing, make a n ote of ___ you thi nk is of great importa nee.
5. His writing is so confusing that it 'difficult to make out ______ it is that he is trying to express. 6. If you are going to kill the sn ake, you have to get close to ____ the head is and cut it off.
7. The Peony Pavilion, a play written by Tang Xianzu, is _____ many people regard as the most romantic story in
Chin ese literature.
8. There is no doubt ____ the famous professor will come to give us a lecture.
9. How grateful I am to my grandfather for his advice ____ whatever trouble I come across, being calm is a must. 10. A warm thought sudde nly came to me ____ I might buy some flowers for my frie nd 'mother '60th birthday. 11. That compa ny wants to reduce prices to in crease its market share, and this is ____ we differ from it.
12. Doze ns of people were wait ing with a camera for ____ seemed like hours, hop ing to catch a glimpse of the US
First Lady, Michelle Obama.
13. We have learned from the story that ____ is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but _____ we have
in our lives.
14. ____ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 15. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.
16. With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze, the environment problem is ____ Chinese people
concern most no wadays.
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17. What is concerning us greatly is _____ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free. 18. Steve Job'ssuccess in digital field proved _____ it took to be a best CEO. 19. The problem is ____ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time. 20. ——It 'my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have?
____ you choose is fine with me.
21. The practical suggestion came from the representatives _____ the new rule be adopted. 练习3
It was reported __1__ there was an accide nt at a corner of the Roma n Street this morning. No one saw __2__ on
earth happe ned the n. A car ran into a truck but fortun ately, n obody got injured. __3__ will be resp on sible for the accide nt is still un der in vestigati on. The police were un certa in about __4__ the driver was guilty. __5__ the police should do now is __6__ they must find out what led to the accide nt. They said it was difficult for them to judge because __7__ the accident happened is not clear. Perhaps the reason was __8__ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn 'admit the fact __9__ he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted __10__ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.
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参考答案 练习1
1. what句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要查明水下的状况。经常会有岩石或树枝隐藏在水中。
作investigate的宾语，从句缺主语且表示事物，故用
what o
that。
How。 宾语从句,
2. that句意：我确信美丽源自内在。宾语从句，从句结构完整，故用
3. How句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。主语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用
4. Where句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。主语从句，缺少地 点状语，故用
where。
5. when句意：我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。宾语从句，作
从句缺少时间状语，故用 when。
6. what句意：在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。表语从句，从句缺少宾语且指事物，故用
what o
7. how句意： ---- 我想知道这么些年来玛丽究竟是如何保持体型的。 --- 通过每天锻炼身体。宾语从句，从句
缺少方式状语，故用 how。
8. where句意：如果你要计划到那里的喜好路线，你就得知道你将要往哪儿走。宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语， 故用
where。
9. what句意：读着Doris Lessing的自传，我沉浸在对她在文学上获得的成就的崇拜之中。宾语从句，从句缺少 宾语且指事
物，故用 what o
10. why句意：这个展览告诉我们为什么我们应该做一些事情来阻止空气污染。宾语从句，从句缺原因状语，故 用 why。 11. what句意：“每次你吃糖果的时候，喝点绿茶。”这就是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。表语从句，引导词在从句
中作宾语且表示事物，故用 what o
12. what句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。主语从句从句缺主语且指事物，故用 13. what句意：我们很难想象古代奴隶们的生活是什么样子的。宾语从句缺宾语且指事物，故用
what。
what。 find out的宾语,
14. why句意：一一迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会，这是真的吗？一一是的，但是我不知道他为什么
会这样做，那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。同位语从句，根据句意填
why o
what。
15. what句意：振作起来，勇气就是去做你不敢去做的事情。宾语从句，从句缺作宾语的连接词，故填 16. when句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是在
用 when。
1565年左右。主语从句，缺时间状语，故
17. what句意：一一真是太乱了！你总是这么懒惰！一一妈妈，别责怪我。你使我成了现在这个样子的。表语从 句缺宾补，
故用what o
18. what句意：正如约翰?列侬曾经所说的那样：当你正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离你远去。表语从句缺主 语，故用
what o
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