1 The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the: B
A. membrane B. cell C. nucleus D. cell wall 2 The term \ C
A. a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms B. a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds
C. a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms D. a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells
3 Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules with chemical alteration? B
A. active transport B. group translocation C. facilitated diffusion D. binding protein transport 4 Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component; penicillin prevents its formation. C
A. lipopolysaccharide B. Phospholipid C. Peptidoglycan D. teichoic acid 5 Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cell? D
A. cell membrane B. a nucleoid C. ribosomes D. capsule 6 Pili are tubular shafts in bacteria that serve as a means of . C
A. gram-positive, genetic exchange B. gram-positive, attachment C. gram-negative, genetic exchange D. gram-negative, protection
7 Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell wall? B
A. an outer membrane B. peptidoglycan C. teichoic acid D. lipopolysaccharides 8 Yeasts are fungi, and molds are fungi. B
A. macroscopic, microscopic B. unicellular, filamentous C. motile, nonmotile D. water, terrestrial 9 A virus is a tiny infectious . C A. cell B. living thing C. particle D. nucleic acid 10 The nucleic acid of a virus is D
A. DNA only B. RNA only C. both DNA and RNA D. either DNA or RNA 11 The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are A
A. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, and release B. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and budding C. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, and lysis D. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis
12 The protein coat structure of the virus is called a: D
A. coat B. envelop C. receptor D.capsid
13 In some cases intact viruses are not needed to infect a cell. Infectious protein molecules that can cause disease are given the term: A
A. prions B. viroids C. Capsomers D. Virions
14 Lichens are symbiotic relationship between fungi and: A
A.algae B. eubacteria C. protozoa D. archeabacteria 15 Most plant diseases are caused by: A
A. fungi B. bacteria C. viruses D. viroids
16 Decomposition of organic matter in streams and lakes leads to a decrease in: C
A. CO2 B. O2 C. CH4 D.NH3
17 Bacterial genes are considered: D
A. homozygous B. heterozygous C. diploid D. haploid
18 Extrachromosomal elements are known to contain genetic information for all the following except: D
A. nitrogen fixation B. toxin production C. antibiotic resistance D. cell wall repair
19 Which of the following mutations would result in a change in the amino acid in the polypeptid chain? D
A. suppressor B. silent C. Nonsense D. missense
20 The technique of replica plating is often used to detect nutritional mutations. Microorganisms hat grow on complete media but fail to grow on minimal media are called: B
A. autotrophs B. auxotrophs C. symbionts D. heterotrophs 21 Virus are known to infect D
A. plants B. bacteria C. fungi D. all organisms
22 Isolation of recombinant DNA requires the use of specific enzymes that cut the DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes are called: C
A. ligases B. recombination enzymes C. restriction enzymes D. excision enzymes 23 Which of the following fermentation processes is more efficient? C
A. batch B. kettle C. continuous flow D. incubator
24 The accumulation of penicillin occurs at which phase of the growth cycle of the fungi D
A. trophophase B. log C. growth D. stationary
25 Most of the major antibiotics used in medicine are producted by C
A.Streptococcus B. Bacillus C. Streptomyces D. Aspergillus
26 The taq polymerase used in PCR reactions was isolated from which of the following organisms? B
A. Escherichia coli B. Thermus aquaticus C. Xanthomonus campestris D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 27 An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a A A. photoautotroph. B. photoheterotroph C. chemoautotroph D. chemoheterotroph 28 Chemoautotrophs can survive on alone. C
A. minerals B. CO2 C. mineral and CO2 D. methane 29 Which of the following is true of passive transport ? A
A. it requires a gradient B. it uses the cell wall C. it includes endocytosis D. it only moves water
30 The time required for a cell to undergo binery fission is called the B
A. exponential growth rate B. generation time C. growth curve D. lag period
31 In a viable plate count, each represents a from the sample population. C
A. cell, colony B. hour, generation C. colony, cell D. cell, generation 32 is another term for biosynthesis. C
A. catabolism B. metabolism C. anabolism D. catalyst 33 The compound that enters the TCA cycle from glycolysis is D
A. citric acid B. oxaloacetic acid C. pyruvic acid D. acetyl coenzyme A 34 In bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in: C
A. mass B. cell size C. cell number D. cell length
35 In times of nutrient deficiencies, the bacteria Clostridium produce____until conditions are permissive for vegetative growth. B
A. prosthecae B. spores C. stalks D. fruiting bodies 36 The most effective way of sterilizing a solution is by: D
A. incineration B. pasteurization C. filtration D. moist heat 37 Many coenzymes are . C
A. mentals B. proteins C. vitamins D. Substrates
38 During the phase, the rate of new cells being added to the population has slowed down. A
A. stationery B. death C. lag D. exponential growth 39 Methanogens produce methane from decomposition of wastes under: B
A. aerobic conditions B. anaerobic conditions
40 A prophage is an early stage in the development of a/an A
A. bacterial virus B. poxvirus C. lytic virus D. enveloped virus
.1 Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the archaea and the eubacteria . 2 Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
3 Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as _conjugation . 4 The cultures are commonly used for studies of microbial metabolism. 5 measure the number of cells in a population under microscope. While measure only the living cells.
6 Based on special purpose, medium can be divided into , and three types. 7 utilize light as energy source, and CO2 as major or even sole source of carbon.
8 are organic compounds that, like micronutrients, are required in very small amounts and only by some cells.
9 The major types of plasmids are Resistant plasmids、Col plasmids、Conjugative plasmids、Metabolic plasmids、Virulence plasmids。
10 The nutrients pass through the cell membrane through the four types of process: , , and 。
1 Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as. C
A. fungi
B. eukaryotic C. prokaryotic D. nankaryotic
2 The three kingdom classification system of organisms was proposed by: D
A. Pasteur B. Bacon C. Winogradsky D. Woese
3 The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule: B A. RNA B. DNA C. protein D. lipid
4 The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the: B A. bilayer model B. fluid mosaic model C. trilayer model D. permeable model 5 Movement of molecules at an enhanced rate across the membrane is called: A A. facilitated diffusion B. passive diffusion C. Osmosis D. permeation 6 Which of the following transport mechanisms occurs only in prokaryotes? B
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