A. active transport B. group translocation C. facilitated diffusion D. binding protein transport 7 Gram-positive bacteria can be differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria since the peptidoglycan layer comprises____% of the cell wall. A A. 90 B. 50 C. 30 D. 10
8 Which of the following is a primary bacterial cell wall function? C A. transport B. motility C. support D. adhension 9 Lichens are symbiotic relationship between fungi and: A A.algae B. eubacteria C. protozoa D. archeabacteria
10 Which of the following bacteria are capable of fixing nitrogen? A
A. Rhizobium B. Xanthomonas C. Agrobacterium D. Agrobacterium
11 Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a net output of _______ ATP. C
A. 40 B. 6 C. 38 D. 2
12 Extrachromosomal elements are known to contain genetic information for all the following except: D
A. nitrogen fixation B. toxin production C. antibiotic resistance D. cell wall repair 13 Bacteria endospores function in B
A. reproduction B. survival C. protein synthesis D. storage
14 The technique of replica plating is often used to detect nutritional mutations. Microorganisms that grow on
complete media but fail to grow on minimal media are called: B A. autotrophs B. auxotrophs C. symbionts D. heterotrophs 15 Most antibiotics are produced by all of the following C
A. Streptococcus B. Bacillus C. Streptomyces D. Aspergillus 16 An arrangement in packets of eight cells in described as a ________.
A. micrococcus B. tetrad c. diplococcus D.sarcina 17 Mesosomes are internal extensions of the B
A. cell wall B. cell membrane C. chromosome D. capsule 18 UV light induces mutations by: B
A. causing breaks in the DNA chain allowing for the substitution of additional bases B. causes links between thymidine molecules on the same DNA chain
C. causes links between thymidine molecules on different DNA chains D. causes an increase in melanin in the skin
19 Isolation of recombinant DNA requires the use of specific enzymes that cut the DNA at specific sequences.
These enzymes are called: C
A. ligases B. recombination enzymes C. restriction enzymes D. excision enzymes 20 The cell wall is found in which eukaryotes: D
A. fungi B. algae C. Protozoa D. A and B
21 A conidiospore is a/an ________ spore, and a zygospore is a/an _______ spore.
A. sexual, asexual B. free, endo C. ascomycete, basidiomycete D. asexual, sexual
22 An autoclave is an apparatus that is used to sterilize various materials. The appropriate conditions for sterilizing
contaminated material is given by which of the following: C A. 15 min at 121℃ at l psi B. 5 min at 121℃ at 15 psi C. 15 min at 121℃ at 15 psi D. 5 min at 131℃ at 15 psi
23 By definition, organisms in the same are more closely related than are those in the same _______ .
A. order,family B. family,genus C. class,phylum D. sphylum,division 24 A virus is a tiny infectious . C
A. cell B. living thing C. particle D. nucleic acid
25 The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the of its host cell. B
A. cell wall B. cell membrane C. glycolyx D. receptors 26 Which of the following characteristics is not true of a plasmid? B
A. It is a circular piece of DNA;
B. It is required for normal cell function; C. It is found in bacteria;
D. It can be transferred from cell to cell.
27 An obligate halophile requires high . C
A. pH B.temperature C. salt D. pressure
28 Which of the following fermentation processes is more efficient? C
A. batch B. kettle C. continuous flow D incubator
29 Environmental factors such as temperature and pH exert their effect on the of microbial cells. C
A. membranes B. DNA C. enzymes D. Cell wall
30 In a viable plate count, each represents a from the sample population. C
A. cell, colony B. hour, generation C. colony, cell D. cell, generation
31 During the phase, the rate of new cells being added to the population has slowed down. A
A. stationery B. death C. lag D. exponential growth
32 The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are . A
A. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, and release B. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and budding C. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, and lysis D. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis
33 An organic nutrients essential to an organism’s metabolism that cannot be synthesized itself is teamed a/an . C
A. trace element B. micronutrient C. Growth factor D. essential nutrient 34 Which of the following statements is true for all organisms? C
A. they require organic nutrients B. they require inorganic nutrients C. they require growth factors D. they require oxygen gas
35 The protein coat structure of the virus is called a: D
A. coat B. envelop C. receptor D. capsid
36 Active transport of a substance across a membrane requires . B
A. a gradient B. the expenditure of ATP C. water D. diffusion 37 Most pathogenic bacteria are considered: B
A. psychrophiles B. mesophiles C. thermophiles D. merophiles
38 During which phase of bacterial growth is there an increase in cell size but not in cell number? A
A. lag B. log C. stationary D. exponential 39 Many growth factors are . C
A. mentals B. proteins C. vitamins D. Substrates
40 some cases intact viruses are not needed to infect a cell. Infectious protein molecules that can cause disease are given the term: A
A. prions B. viroids C. Capsomers D. Virions
Fill in blanks
Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered prokaryotic Fungi have cell wall consisting of chitin .
thansformation is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another.
The region between the outermembrane in Gram-negative bacteria and the cell wall is called the periplasmic space Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in bacteria are called plasmids Bacteria stained by the gram method fall into two groups: Gram positive bacteria (G+), appear in color; Gram negative bacteria (G-) appear red in color. Bacteria normally reproduce by transverse binary flssion
The methanogens, extreme halophiles and thermoacidophiles existed in extreme environments are termed as archear . mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of a fungus with the roots of a higher plants. Bacteria that require oxygen for growth are called_ obligate aerobe . anaerobes are organic compounds that, like micronutrients, are required in very small amounts and only by some cells.
Organisms that grow best above 40℃ are called_ thermophile_ . Although microorganisms have great diversity of nutritional requirement, they can be divided into four major groups 光能有机营养型 光能无机营养型 化能有机营养型 化能无机营养型 on the basis of their utilization of energy and carbon sources.
Based on special purpose, medium can be divided into 气体 液体 固体 .
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