燃料电池电动汽车控制系统

燃料电池电动汽车控制系统 I

摘要

在能源和环保形势日益严峻的今天，燃料电池电动汽车以其特有的优势成为未来环保汽车的首选之一。本文以研究电动汽车为背景，以燃料电池电动汽车为研究对象，开展对整车控制器及能量管理的研究。

本文对燃料电池电动汽车整车电控系统作了分析，讨论整车控制系统的结构，包括燃料电池，蓄电池组，燃料电池控制器，整车控制器，DC-DC变换器，数字电机控制器，电机等。介绍了各组成部分的特性和功能，分析了燃料电池电动汽车的能量控制策略和行驶控制策略，通过结合能量管理的任务和实际运行情况来制定整车控制器的控制策略。

以8位微控制器为核心，设计车辆控制关键参量的采集与输出控制模块以及与其他通信模块。关键参量包括油门电压、档位信号、刹车信号、总线电压等。结合整车控制器的控制策略，基于VW开发平台，采用汇编语言对整车控制器软件系统进行了研究设计。

同时，将CAN总线引入了车辆控制系统，用于实现基于CAN总线的VCU与FCU间的通信，改变了以往的通信方式。此外，专门研究了蓄电池组的管理问题，结合蓄电池组管理任务和实际情况设计了目前的蓄电池组管理系统。主要包括蓄电池电压和温度的管理、充放电控制。

关键词：燃料电池，车控制器，字电机控制器，CAN总线，电池管理

燃料电池电动汽车控制系统 II

Abstract

In nowadays, with the situation of energy and environmental protection has became austere day by day, the fuel cell electric vehicle will become one of the first choices of environmental protection vehicle in future because of its unique superiority. This dissertation takes the research and develops of electric vehicle as a background, then the vehicle control unit and the energy management are researched and developed for fuel cell car.

This dissertation analyzes the whole vehicle control system of fuel cell electric vehicle in detail and discusses the configuration of vehicle control system, which includes fuel cell, battery package, fuel cell control unit, vehicle control unit, DC-DC converter, digital motor controller, motor and so on. The characteristic and function of each unit are introduced specifically, and the energy control strategy and driving control strategy of fuel cell electric vehicle are analyzed, and also the control strategy about vehicle control unit is completed based on the task of vehicle energy management and the actual situation.

Using 8-bit micro controller as the core, the collecting of key parameter of vehicle control and output control module is designed. The key parameters include accelerator voltage, shift position signal, brake signal, the voltage of DC BUS and so on. Under the VW platform, the software system of vehicle control unit was designed based on the control strategy of vehicle control.

At the same time, the CAN BUS is introduced in the vehicle control system, to realized the communication between VCU and FCU witch based on CAN BUS. It changes the former communications mode. In addition, study on battery management is put forwarded specially. Based on the task of battery management system and the actual situation, the management system of battery package is discussed. The system mainly includes the monitoring of the voltage and the temperature of battery, the control of charge and discharge, the malfunction alarm and diagnosis.

Key words：Fuel cell，vehicle control unit，digital motor controller，can bus，the management

of battery package

燃料电池电动汽车控制系统 III

目录

1绪论 ......................................................... 1

1.1课题研究的背景及重要意义 ................................................ 1 1.2燃料电池汽车的国内外发展现状 ........................................... 2 1.3燃料电池汽车关键技术 .................................................... 4 1.4论文主要的研究内容 ....................................................... 6

2燃料电池电动汽车控制系统 ..................................... 7

2.1燃料电池电动汽车整车电控系统的结构 ..................................... 7 2.2燃料电池电动汽车整车电控系统的控制策略 ............................... 10 本章小结 ..................................................................... 13

3关键参量 .................................................... 14

3.1 VCU主控芯片 ............................................................ 14 3.2关键参量 ................................................................. 20 本章小结 ..................................................................... 24

4 VCU与FCU通信 .............................................. 25

4.1 CAN总线通信技术 ........................................................ 26 4.2 CAN主要功能模块 ........................................................ 28 4.3 CAN总线智能节点 ......................................................... 30 本章小结 ..................................................................... 31

5电池组的管理系统的设计 ...................................... 32

5.1电池管理系统概述 ........................................................ 32 5.2电池组管理模块设计 ...................................................... 33 本章小结 ..................................................................... 36

6软件系统设计 ................................................ 37

6.1系统软件语言及编译环境 ................................................. 37 6.2软件系统总体设计 ........................................................ 37 本章小结 ..................................................................... 44

燃料电池电动汽车控制系统 IV

7总结与展望 .................................................. 45

7.1总结 ..................................................................... 45 7.2展望 ..................................................................... 45

参考文献 ...................................................... 46 致谢 .......................................................... 48 附录 .......................................................... 49

1 系统主电路原理图 ......................................................... 49 2蓄电池组温度和电压采集电路原理图 ......................................... 50