第一节 细节理解题
授课提示：对应学生用书第43页
A
(2019·安徽五校联盟第二次质检)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April, 2018. What's more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, since 2019, the middle schoolers have never had to worry about after-school work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students across the country.
The school's principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that's because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”
The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical (激进的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.
Sirkka is not the only one who believes after-school work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids. While the long-term impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban after-school work as well!
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在2018年四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。
【难句分析】 While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to
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be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April,2018.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true”为while引导的让步状语从句；“what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April,2018”为what引导的表语从句。
译文：尽管整整一个月没有家庭作业或者考试可能听起来好得令人难以置信，但是瑞典博登的Sturenskolan学校的学生们在2018年四月享受到了这样的待遇。
1．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April, 2018 because ________.
A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea B．they needed to do some experiments during the month C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations D．the headmaster had to carry out the government's policy
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The school's principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在2018年四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长正在实验她提出的想法，故A项正确。 答案：A
2．What makes children's learning hard nowadays? A．Children have to do more analyzing. B．The approach to education is complex. C．Children get no support at home and school. D．There are many more facts to memorize.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。 答案：A
3．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do? A．Help children with their homework. B．Free children from after-school housework. C．Spend more time reading to their children.
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D．Communicate with teachers from time to time.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母多花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。 答案：C
4．What can we infer about the students in Finland? A．They study the hardest at school. B．They have a more relaxing school life. C．They enjoy great success after graduation. D．They all have a talent for math and science.
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。 答案：B
B
(2019·福州高三质量抽测)A walk through the galleries of Quebec's Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) places individuals face-to-face with some 43,000 artworks ranging from Chinese ceramics to Inuit sculpture.
While the visiting is an incredible cultural experience, a group of local physicians will soon be able to prescribe (开处方) museum visits as treatment for some illnesses.
“We know that art contributes to neural (神经的) activity，” said MMFA director Nathalie Bondil. “What we see is that being in contact with art can really help your well-being.”
Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montreal-based medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter (神经递质) known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift the mood.
According to Boyer, the small increase in hormones associated with enjoying an afternoon of art is similar to that offered by exercise, making museum visits prescriptions ideal for the elderly experiencing pain that prevents them from regularly joining in physical activity.
The museum visits are designed to improve traditional methods. As Bondil notes,
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spending time in a peaceful environment can provide a welcome distraction. “What is most important is this experience can help them escape from their own pain ，”she says.“When you enter the museum, you escape from the speed of our daily life.” “I am convinced that in the 21st century, culture will be what physical activity was for health in the 20th century，” said Bondil.“Some people would do well to recall that just in the 19th century, sports were believed to do harm to the body. Just as doctors now prescribe exercise, they will be able to prescribe a visit to the MMFA.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。参观博物馆不仅能让人们接受艺术的熏陶，还能舒缓心情、治疗疾病。
【难句分析】 Hélène Boyer，vice president of a Montreal-based medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin，a neurotransmitter known as the “happy chemical” which helps to lift the mood. 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin，a neurotransmitter known as the‘happy chemical’ which helps to lift the mood”为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词explains的宾语；其中，“which helps to lift the mood”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a neurotransmitter。
译文：一个总部设在蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席Hélène Boyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪。
5．What does Hélène Boyer think of museum visits? A．They can cheer people up.
B．They can reduce physical activity. C．They can slow down our life pace.
D．They can increase levels of art appreciation.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Hélène Boyer, vice president of a Montreal-based medical association, explains that museum visits have been shown to increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter known as the ‘happy chemical’ which helps to lift the mood.”可知，一个总部设在蒙特利尔的医学协会的副主席Hélène Boyer解释说，参观博物馆被证明可以提高血清素水平，血清素是一种被称为“快乐化学物质”的神经递质，它有助于振奋情绪；据此可知，Hélène Boyer认为参观博物馆可以帮助人们振作起来，故A项正确。 答案：A
6．How do museum visits affect people?
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