初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词

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定语从句讲解及练习

一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman. 2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne. (2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway. 如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用 who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou? 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend. 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语) (2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语) 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语) (6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)

具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：

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(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue. (2) 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered. 2,只用which不用that的情况：

(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang. Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday. 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性) (4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如： Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy. (5)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. =Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow? =Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

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6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft. 7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity 8.\介词＋关系代词\是一个普遍使用的结构。

(1)\介词＋关系代词\可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。\介词＋关系代词\结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。 例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive? 关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof. 热身练习 请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1.????CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest. 2.?????AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar. 3.?????Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast. 4.?????Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp. 5.?????Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.

6.?????MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool. 二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose

1.????Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.

2.????Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua. 3.?????Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.

4.?????Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney. 5.?????Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher. 6.?????Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere. 7.??????Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday. 8.???Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.

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9.???Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.

10.???Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword. 11.???Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger. 12.???Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish. 三、单项选择

()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose

()2.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday. A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything

()3.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited. A.whom B.whose C.that D.which ()4.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear. A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat ()5.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened. A.that B.what C.which D.who ()6.Doyouknowthestudent_____? A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalk C.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk ()7.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth. A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its ()8.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor. A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that 定语从句中关系副词的用法 定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： ?表时间的名词+when+定语从句 ?when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. ?????I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy. ?表地点的名词+where+定语从句

?where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity. ?????ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

?表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)