英语五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型

一,句子按结构可分为三种类型:简单句,并列句,主从复合句 句子按功能可分为陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句:

1,简单句(只有一个主谓结构),并列句(由and、but、or等并列连词引导的两个各有主谓的简单句),复杂句即主从复合句(含有定从,名从,状从的句子).

2,指出下列句子类型:① When he entered the room, he saw a man who lay on the bed.(______________句) .② Mary and John married.(_____________句).③ Jerry likes reading and she has read lots of books.(______________句).④ John, don’t open the door.(______________句).

二,简单句的五种基本句型

1,主语+不及物动词.在此句型中,所谈论的人或事物作主语,不及物动词不带宾语,不用被动,但可以接状语.常用的不及物动词有: sit, go, come, arrive, stay, live, happen, take place, break out, appear, rise, disappear, last, grow up, get up, come up, work, jump, run, look, listen, die. 如:The car accident happened near my home yesterday. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 译:李平正坐在沙发上,看着电视.

__________________________________________________________ 译:在近十年,我的家乡发生了很大的变化.

__________________________________________________________ 译:我爷爷每天早上很早起床.

__________________________________________________________ 译:我不会游泳.

__________________________________________________________ 译:每个人正在努力工作.

__________________________________________________________

2,主系表结构:主+系+表(n&adj)常见的系动词有三类: ①表示“状态”的连系动词:be(是), remain(______), keep(保持), stay(保持), prove(证明是),turn out (证明是),seem (_________),appear(_________) 如: He remains young /a teacher.

②表示“变化”的连系动词,译为“变得”有:turn, become, yet, grow, go, run, come, fall.

如:She becomes a good English teacher. He falls ill.

The food goes bad. ③表示“感觉”的连系动词,常译为“----起来”:感觉摸起来______________, 看起来_________, 听起来____________,闻起来_____________,尝起来 _______________.

It feels good to be home.

译为______________________________________________________

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翻译:

他是个中学生.他16岁.

____________________________________________________________ 烟越来越浓.

____________________________________________________________ 我们的愿望是学好英语.

____________________________________________________________ 他所说的听起来有道理.

____________________________________________________________ 我很高兴得知你9月将来中国.

____________________________________________________________

3,主+及物动词+宾语(名词或相当于名词的成份) 主+动词词组+宾语

They have carried out the plan successfully. ___________作宾语

He enjoys listening to popular music. _____________作宾语,记住常加-ing作宾语

He wants to have a cup of tea. ______________作宾语,记住常加to do作宾语

I’m wondering if you can lend me some money. _____________作宾语

4,主+及物动词+(间接宾语（sb）+直接宾语（sth）)双宾 下列动词可带双宾:

give/ lead/ pass/ hand/ send/ teach/ buy/ tell/ ask/ make/ show/ sing/ write/ read+sb+sth

如：My parents often buy me some books.=My parents often buy some books for me.

Mother writes me a letter every month.=Mother writes a letter to me. He gave me a book.=He gave a book to me. 译：他给我看他的通行证.

____________________________________________________________ 玛丽为我们唱了首歌.

____________________________________________________________ 张老师给我们讲了个故事.

____________________________________________________________

5,主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

He asked her to help him. ____________作宾补

We call him Li Ming. _____________作宾补 如:call/make/elect+n+n(宾补) He always keeps his room clean._____________作宾补 记住下列句型:

① make/elect/call/name/find/consider+n(宾)+n(宾补)

② keep/find/leave/get/consider/paint/cut+n+adj(形容词性宾补) ③ keep/find/leave+n+adv(副词作宾补)/介词短语

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④ make/have/let sb do sth(动原作宾补)

⑤ feel/listen to/hear/look at/see/notice/observe/watch+sb+do/doing/ done/being done(非谓语动词作宾补)

⑥ with+n(宾)+adj/adv/介/doing/done/to do/being done(宾补) ⑦ 下列动词+sb+to do.即不定式作宾补

Allow,permit,tell,advise,require,ask,expect,order,wish,want,warn,force,persuade,trouble,encourage,call on(upon),teach(show)sb how to do ⑧ sb find/think/believe/conside/make+it(形宾)+adj/n(宾补)+to do I find it happy to stay with you. 翻译:

①我们选他当我们的班长

_____________________________________________________ ②我发现这故事有趣

_____________________________________________________ ③请将书本存放在课桌上

_____________________________________________________ ④老师让我们今天完成作业

_____________________________________________________ ⑤我看见有人正在隔壁唱歌

_____________________________________________________ ⑥作业完成了,他很高兴(用)

_____________________________________________________ ⑦她经常鼓励我们大声说话

_____________________________________________________ 注意下列句子:

Please keep the fish alive. We should set birds free.

He left us waiting in the rain. I had my bike repaired.

They wanted to make it clear to the public that they did an important job. 6,表示某地存在某物用 There be句型: There be+主语+状语.be与主语一致 变形有:There is/are----. There was/were------. There will be------. There have been------. There must be------.There may/might be------. There used to be-------.There seems to be------.There happens to be-----. There be 句中的be可换为live,stand,come,go,lie,exist. 翻译:房子前面有棵树

_____________________________________________________ 下午将有一场雨

_____________________________________________________ 教室里好像有个人

_____________________________________________________ 在村庄里住着一位老人

_____________________________________________________

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基本句型翻译练习

Ⅰ, ① 我的名字叫李华.

_____________________________________________________ ② 每个人都受欢迎

_____________________________________________________ ③ 村里所有的人都是免费受教育

_____________________________________________________ ④ 这些学科是汉语，数学，自然，音乐，美术和体育.

_____________________________________________________ ⑤ 操场现在在学校前面.

_____________________________________________________ ⑥ 雷锋总是乐于助人.

_____________________________________________________ ⑦ 这儿的书有教育意义,(instructive:adj),也很便宜.

_____________________________________________________ ⑧ 他父亲总是忙于自己的工作.

_____________________________________________________ ⑨ 似乎没有人在意.

_____________________________________________________ ⑩ 今天是国庆节.

_____________________________________________________ Ⅱ,主谓句型 ① 他喊了一声跌倒了.

_____________________________________________________ ② 我父母住在农村.

_____________________________________________________ ③ 在原来是操场的那一边,现在屹立着另一栋新的大楼.----我们的图书馆. _____________________________________________________ ④ 会议将在下午7点半开始.

_____________________________________________________ Ⅲ,主谓宾句型 ① 我现在有更多的空闲时间.

_____________________________________________________ ② 阿福跟随她到那里.

_____________________________________________________ ③ 我的父母热情地赞扬了阿福.

_____________________________________________________ ④ 晚上我能看电视新闻或读报.

_____________________________________________________ ⑤ 我们在学校里和学校周围种了许多树.

_____________________________________________________

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