提高高中英语阅读课堂教学的三个关键点
广西南宁市南宁外国语学校 林万春
[内容摘要] 随着新课程改革浪潮的兴起，如何适应改革的要求，在新课程标准的指导下进行有效的阅读课教学，是英语教师应该认真思考的问题。本文结合教学实际，从教学准备的有效性、教学实施的有效性、教学评价的有效性以及教学反思的有效性四个方面，就如何提高高中英语阅读课堂教学的有效性进行初步探讨，以求更有效地运用阅读这一手段培养和提高学生的英语实际运用能力和交际能力。
[关键词] 有效教学准备 教学实施 教学评价 教学反思
《高中英语新课程标准》指出，“高中英语阅读教学的任务主要有两个：第一，对学生进行阅读技巧的训练，培养其阅读理解能力；第二，通过阅读教学，使学生不断获得新的语言知识，提高其实际运用英语的能力。”但在实际的教学过程中，教师总是发现在经过大量的阅读教学之后，学生的阅读水平依旧提高很慢，时间的投入与效果的产出不成正比。因此，教师们就需要考虑一个问题，即：如何提高高中英语阅读课堂教学的有效性。下面是我的点滴体会。
一、 有效教学的前提
教学准备的有效性是有效教学的前提。教学准备的好坏直接关系到课堂的教学效果。新课程标准要求教师是一个决策者、创造者，而不仅仅是教材的执行者，所以教师在教学准备时，必须明确教学目标和教学重难点，有效设计教学活动。
明确教学目标和教学重难点是有效教学准备的核心。以人教版高中英语选修⑦ Unit 2 Robots The First Period( Reading)的阅读文章为例，教师要确定教学目标和教学重难点如下： 1. Teaching goals教学目标
(1)Target language 目标语言 ①重点词汇和短语
fiction, desire, satisfaction, absent, alarm, alarmed, smooth, embarrass, sympathy, elegant, pile, scan, fingernail, absurd, haircut, accompany, curtain, cushion, carpet, paint, awful，affair, firm, firmly, declare, victory, envy, marriage, test out, ring up, turn around, leave alone
②重点句型
She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.
Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.
By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. (2)Ability goals能力目标
Help students to learn about robots and science fiction. (3)Learning ability goals学能目标
Enable students to realize science fiction reflects scientific thought; a fiction of things-to-come based on things-on-hand.
2. Teaching important points教学重点
Enable students to grasp what Tony did to help Claire and how her emotion developed during Tony’s stay at her house. Help students to sum up characteristics of science fiction. 3. Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How Claire’s emotion developed during Tony’s stay at her house.
此外，教学活动的设计也是有效教学准备的另一个重点，其中的合作探究活动更应该成为
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课堂教学的主阵地。它可以引发学生对英语发展的一些思考，让学生大胆发挥想象力，畅所欲言，将课堂教学推向高潮，从而达到良好的效果。 所以，课前的教学准备是有效教学的先决条件，教师在教学实施之前，必须要认真解读教材，明确教学目标和重难点，有效地设计教学活动。
二、有效教学的实施
教学准备是基础，而教学实施则是课堂教学的灵魂，亦是有效教学的关键，在阅读教学中，教师可采用多媒体的方式帮助学生理清课文脉络，提取具体信息、组织信息、整理信息，并让学生发表见解，提高学生的阅读水平。例如：在学习人教版高中英选修⑦ Unit 2 Robots时，通过多媒体辅助，教师设计如下教学过程：
StepⅠ. Warming up
[Present photos of different kinds of robots. Then ask them to say something about his or her favorite robot. Ask students to discuss the questions in Pre-reading in groups. Students are encouraged to speak out their opinions freely, no matter what it is. Encourage students to use their imagination.] T: Good morning, class! Ss: Good morning, Mr. Jim Lin！
T: In this class we are going to learn about robots. Who would like to tell me what a robot is? S1: A robot is a machine. T: What kind of machine?
S2: A robot is a kind of machine that can do a variety of complex human tasks. T: How can a robot perform human tasks? S3: A robot is controlled by a computer.
T: You are right. Then we can give the definition of a robot like this: A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans. Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer. Now look at some pictures. Divide them into different types and decide your favorite one.
[A list of movies about robots: Short Circuit 2, The Iron Giant, Future world, Blade Runner, The Time Machine, Power Rangers Time Force ——The End of Time (2001)] [Students’ own answers. All answers are correct.] OK! In this class, let’s learn about Unit Two——Robots. Step II. Skimming
Task one. Read the text quickly and complete its main idea.
The text is mainly about a robot, Tony, who not only helped Claire do ________ , but also helped her create a new ________ . Task two. Finish the table Characters Larry Belmont Claire Tony Gladys Claffern Who are they? Step III. Detailed reading
Task one. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks. Characteristics of Tony ● tall and handsome ● his 1. ________________ never changed ● 2. ________ hair ● a deep 3. ________ 2
● soft and warm 4. ________ Things Tony did ● gave Claire a new 5. ________ and changed her makeup ● wrote out a(n) 6. ____ of items for Claire to buy ● spoke to the clerk in a(n) 7. ______________ to make him change his 8. ________● 9. _______ Claire to invite her friends to the house ● worked steadily on the improvements of the house ● succeeded in catching Claire when she fell off a ladder ● opened the curtains, 10. ________ Claire and expressed his feelings to her Task two. Ask students to read the text carefully and then complete the table. Occasion 1. Before he arrived 2. When he arrived 3. When he offered to help her dress 4. When he offered to help her improve her house and herself 5. When he helped her with the salesman 6. When she fell off a ladder and caught by Tony had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony 8. She remembered Tony was just a machine Task three. True or false
1. We can infer that when Claire first saw Tony, she felt alarmed by his cleverness. ( )
2. Claire bought the items from the shop because Tony wanted herself and the house changed. ( ) 3. Tony opened the curtains to let other women see everything and envy Claire. ( ) 4. As a result, the experiment shows Claire and Tony fell in love with each other. ( ) Task four: Read the story again, answer the following questions in groups. 1. Why did Tony open the curtains?
2. What did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed? 3. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?
4. How would you feel if you had a robot like Tony in your house?
5. What sentences in the story show that she kept forgetting and then remembering that he was a machine? Step IV. Post reading
Task One. In groups, list Tony’s characteristics that were similar to and those that were different from those of a human being. Characteristics Physical Mental Similar Different Claire… 7. When she heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she Task Two. Choose the best answer.
1. Why did Claire buy the items from the shops?
A. Because her husband was to return. B. Because Tony was to leave.
C. Because Tony wanted to transform the house. D. Because she thought she needed them 2. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?
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