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安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书
Appendix
Emily Bronte
Emily Bront? was born on 30 July 1818 in Thornton, near Bradford in Yorkshire, to Maria Branwell and Patrick Bront?. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bront? and the fifth of six children. In 1824, the family moved to Haworth, where Emily's father was perpetual curate, and it was in these surroundings that their literary gifts flourished.
Early life and education
The Brontes were one of the few interesting literary families in English history. Their father Patrick Bronte was Irish and a curate in a poor and rather isolated village of Yorkshire. There were five daughters and one son in the family and the mother died when they were young. Without much connection with the Victorian world outside and licking companionship of young people of their own age, the children at first received education from their father.
After the death of their mother in 1821, when Emily was three years old, the older sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Charlotte were sent to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge, where they encountered abuse and privations later described by Charlotte in Jane Eyre. Emily joined the school for a brief period. When a typhus epidemic swept the school, Maria and Elizabeth caught it. Maria, who may actually have had tuberculosis, was sent home, where she died. Emily was subsequently removed from the school along with Charlotte and Elizabeth. Elizabeth died soon after their return home. The three remaining sisters and their brother Patrick Branwell were thereafter educated at home by their father and aunt Elizabeth Branwell, their mother's sister. In their leisure time the children created a number of fantasy worlds, which were featured in stories they wrote and enacted about the imaginary adventures of their toy soldiers along with the Duke of Wellington and his sons, Charles and Arthur Wellesley. Little of Emily's work from this period survives, except for poems spoken by characters (The Bront?s' Web of Childhood, Fannie Ratchford, 1941).When Emily was 13, she and Anne withdrew from participation in the Angria story and began a new one about Gondal, a large island in the North Pacific. With the exception of Emily's Gondal poems and Anne's lists of Gondal's characters and place-names, their writings on Gondal were not preserved. Some \which she describes current events in Gondal, some of which were written, others enacted
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安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书
with Anne. One dates from 1841, when Emily was twenty-three: another from 1845, when she was twenty-seven. At seventeen, Emily attended the Roe Head girls' school, where Charlotte was a teacher, but managed to stay only three months before being overcome by extreme homesickness. She returned home and Anne took her place. At this time, the girls' objective was to obtain sufficient education to open a small school of their own.
Adulthood
Emily became a teacher at Law Hill School in Halifax beginning in September 1838, when she was twenty. Her health broke under the stress of the 17-hour work day and she returned home in April 1839. Thereafter she became the stay-at-home daughter, doing most of the cooking and cleaning and teaching Sunday school. She taught herself German out of books and practised piano. Constantin Heger, teacher of Charlotte and Emily during their stay in Brussels, on a daguerreotype dated from circa 1843.In 1842, Emily accompanied Charlotte to Brussels, Belgium, where they attended a girls' academy run by Constantin Heger. They planned to perfect their French and German in anticipation of opening their school. Nine of Emily's French essays survive from this period. The sisters returned home upon the death of their aunt. They did try to open a school at their home, but were unable to attract students to the remote area. In 1844, Emily began going through all the poems she had written, recopying them neatly into two notebooks. One was labelled \Poems\the other was unlabelled. Scholars such as Fannie Ratchford and Derek Roper have attempted to piece together a Gondal storyline and chronology from these poems. In the autumn of 1845, Charlotte discovered the notebooks and insisted that the poems be published. Emily, furious at the invasion of her privacy, at first refused, but relented when Anne brought out her own manuscripts and revealed she had been writing poems in secret as well. In 1846, the sisters' poems were published in one volume as Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. The Bront? sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication: Charlotte was Currer Bell, Emily was Ellis Bell and Anne was Acton Bell. Charlotte wrote in the \by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice\Emily and Anne each contributed 21. Although the sisters were told several months after publication that only two copies had sold, they were not discouraged. The Athenaeum reviewer praised Ellis Bell's work for its music and power, and the Critic reviewer recognized \presence of more genius than it was supposed this utilitarian age had
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安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书
devoted to the loftier exercises of the intellect.\
Wuthering Heights
In 1847, Emily published her novel, Wuthering Heights, as two volumes of a three-volume set (the last volume being Agnes Grey by her sister Anne). Its innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics. Although it received mixed reviews when it first came out, and was often condemned for its portrayal of amoral passion, the book subsequently became an English literary classic. In 1850, Charlotte edited and published Wuthering Heights as a stand-alone novel and under Emily's real name. Although a letter from her publisher indicates that Emily was finalizing a second novel, the manuscript has never been found.
Death
Emily's health, like her sisters', had been weakened by unsanitary conditions at home,the source of water being contaminated by runoff from the church's graveyard.She became sick during her brother's funeral in September 1848. Though her condition worsened steadily, she rejected medical help and all proffered remedies, saying that she would have \poisoning doctor\near her.She eventually died of tuberculosis, on 19 December 1848 at around two in the afternoon. She was interred in the Church of St. Michael ，West Yorkshire.
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安徽工业大学 毕业设计（论文）说明书
附录
艾米丽·勃朗特于1818年7月30日生于约克郡布拉德福德附近名叫索顿的小镇里，她的父亲帕特利克.勃朗特，母亲玛丽娅.布兰威尔。艾米丽是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的妹妹，并在家中六个孩子中排行第五。1824年，全家搬到霍沃斯，艾米丽的父亲是永久的牧师，正是在这种环境下，她们姐妹的文学天赋蓬勃发展。
早期生活和教育
勃朗特姐妹出生在英国历史上为数不多的几个有趣的文学家庭，她们的父亲帕特里克·勃朗特是爱尔兰人。这个家庭有五个女儿和一个儿子，母亲去世时，她们都很小，没有太多的与外界维多利亚时代联系，也缺少和同年代年轻人的交流，这些孩子开始接受的教育都是来自于她们的父亲。
1821年，在她们的母亲死后，当时艾米丽只有3岁，她的姐姐玛丽娅、伊丽莎白和夏洛蒂被送往科恩桥的神职人员女儿学校，在那里她们经历了虐待和贫困，后来这些被夏洛蒂写入《简.爱》中。艾米丽入学的一段期间，当时斑疹伤寒疫情席卷了学校，玛丽娅和伊丽莎白也不幸感染了。玛丽娅，她实际上可能患有肺结核，被学校送回家，后来死了。艾米丽随后和夏洛蒂、伊丽莎白一起也离开了学校，伊丽莎白回家不久也去世了。剩下的三姐妹和她们的弟弟帕特里克·布伦威尔之后在家里由她们的父亲和姨妈伊丽莎白·布伦威尔来教育。在闲暇的时间里，孩子们创造了许多的幻想国度，这个国度里充满了她们写的故事和制定的玩具士兵以及威灵顿公爵和他的儿子，查尔斯和亚瑟卫斯理的虚幻冒险游戏。这一时期艾米丽的作品很少幸存下来，除了一些字符诗歌（勃朗特姐妹童年的圈套，范妮.理查德，1941）。艾米丽13岁的时候，她和安妮退出参与安格利亚故事，开始了新的故事冈德尔岛——一个在北太平洋的大岛。除了艾米丽有关冈德尔岛的诗和安妮有关冈德尔岛的角色和地名，她们关于冈德尔岛的作品没有得到保护。一些幸存的艾米丽的“日记文件”描写了在冈德尔岛上发生的事件，其中有些是写作，另一些是和安妮一起制定的。一个始于1841年，那时艾米丽23岁；另一个始于1845，那时艾米丽27岁。十七岁时，艾米丽去了夏洛蒂当老师罗黑德学校，但因为极度的思乡三个月后回家。艾米丽回家后，安妮代替她来到罗黑德。在这个时候，女孩子们的目标就是获得足够的教育来创立一个属于自己的学校。
成人期
1838年9月，艾米丽20岁，她成为哈利法克斯所在的希尔法学校的一名教师。在一天17个小时工作的压力下，她的健康状况每况愈下，终于在1839年4月回家，
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