课时跟踪练(一) Warming Up & Reading — Pre
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
reading
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, the sea level rose 8－12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country's drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation has suffered an
unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了全球变暖对于某些岛国，特别是Tuvalu造成的恶劣影响。 1．The text is mainly about ________. A．rapid changes in earth's temperature B．bad effects of global warming C．moving of a country to a new place D．reasons for lowland flooding
解析：选B 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响，故答案选B。A、C、D三项都是细节。
2．According to scientists, the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is ________. A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea
C．continuous global warming D．rising sea levels
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.”可判断出造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。
3．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not ________. A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
解析：选A 细节理解题。第四段第一句话表示Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署号召工业化国家减少温室效应气体排放的国际性公约。
B
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuel at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere.
In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of the earth, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun. This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环). The sun is also variable (可变的) over a long term. Its heat output (输出) goes up and down in cycles. The latest trend being downward is on the way. But that is only an imagination.
语篇解读：本文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因，包括人类活动和太阳运动。 4．The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would ________. A．prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface B．mean a warming up in the Arctic C．account for great changes in the climate D．raise the temperature of the earth's surface
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中吸收太阳的光线并阻挡光热的流失，文章第二段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变热的理论。因此，答案为D项。
5．The article was written to explain ________. A．the greenhouse effects B．the solar effects on the earth C．the solar weather
D．the causes affecting weather
解析：选D 主旨大意题。全文讲述的是影响天气的诸多原因。选项A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨，只有D项是比较全面的。
6．Although the fuel is greater in the northern part, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is ________.
A．mainly because the carbon dioxide is rising B．possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting C．due to the effect of the earth's climate D．possibly due to the activity of the sun
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第三段提及这一现象时讲到，科学家们认为：这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对天气的影响最大呢？文章第四段第一句话给出了答案：其中一个可能就是太阳的活动。D项与此意相符。
7．What does the underlined word “exceeded” mean? A．To be the same as. B．To be slower than. C．To be better than. D．To be bigger than.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。由倒数第一段的“This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation (循环)．”可看出自然界对天气的影响要大于人类对天气的影响。
C
Due to climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The
shrinking (减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.
In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast (绝食) during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped by 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.
语篇解读：本文讲述了气候变化对于北极熊的生存及繁殖带来的不利影响。 8．What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year? A．It's freezing. C．It's melting.
B．It's hardening. D．It's expanding.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话中的“Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring”可知北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在融化。
9．What does the writer imply about female polar bears in Hudson Bay? A．They are having fewer young now. B．They suffer from various sicknesses. C．They don't need stronger protection. D．They can't find enough good males.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段第四和第五两句可知，北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。
10．In which publication would you most likely find this passage? A．Medical News. C．Wildlife Journal.
B．Society Today. D．Design Magazine.
解析：选C 文章出处题。通读全篇，可以发现文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响，而北极熊属于野生动物，所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Family love is one of the most valuable gifts in life and one that you cannot buy anywhere. __1__ Here are four ways for you to become closer to your family：
1．Increase Your Love
You've probably heard the song lyric, “__2__” What changes a house into a home is true love. Love strengthens the connection, while anger tears it apart.
2．Give Freedom
It doesn't matter whatever position you have in a family; you need to give freedom to the other members of it. __3__ Freedom is one of the most basic needs of humanity and one of the greatest gifts in life.
3．Learn to Forgive
There will always be differences in personalities and preferences between family members. Because of these differences, disagreements happen. And it's unwise to react straight away, to jump to conclusions and start an argument. __4__ This gives you a better understanding and the ability to forgive more easily.
4．Look for Solutions
Family life is not a battlefield. Do not focus on problems; instead focus on the solutions. Although we are all expected to be responsible for our actions, it still feels more comfortable for some to put the blame on others. __5__ This is one of the fastest ways to bring you closer to your family.
A．No one likes to be ruled all the time. B．Stop the blame game, and look for solutions.
C．A house is not a home, when there is no one there to hold you tight. D．When disagreements happen, put yourself in the other person's shoes. E．Whether you have a close relationship with your family depends on you.
F．In a close relationship there will definitely be a lot of arguments, disharmony and disagreements.
G．Spending some time with family members is one of the factors that can strengthen our family connections.
语篇解读：脉脉亲情是生命赋予我们最宝贵的礼物之一，你是无法买到的。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己。本文告诉了我们四种可以让自己与家人更加亲近的方法。
1．选E E项与下一句语义衔接。与家人相处是否融洽取决于你自己，下一句紧接着告诉了我们四种方式可以令你与家人更加亲近。
2．选C 根据下一句“What changes a house into a home is true love.”可知此空选C项。 3．选A 本节的小标题是：给予充分的自由。A项“没有人喜欢被一直管着”符合本节大意。
4．选D D项中的“When disagreements happen”与本段第二句中“disagreements happen” 形成对应。此外，D项与下一句语义衔接。当分歧发生时，换到别人的立场上来考虑问题，这样会让你更好地去理解别人，更容易原谅别人。
5．选B 本节的标题是：寻找解决办法。B项符合本节大意，同时和上一句语义衔接。
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