小升初英语 介词
一、 定义
介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须用在名词或代词之前组成介词短语才能做句子成分，修饰动词名词或代词，表示时间、地点、空间等关系。 二、介词的分类
1. 表时间 2. 表地点 3. 某些介词其他用法 4. 介词短语 三、用法
(一) 表示时间的介词 1．口诀：
at用在时刻前， 也与正午，午夜连 at 6 o’clock, at noon, at night.
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面, in a week, in May, in spring, in 1990. in a day time 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边; in the morning /afternoon/ evening on指特定某一天，日期星期节日前 on May 1st, on Sunday, on Christmas Day. 某天上下午夜晚， 依然要在on后站 on Sunday morning, on the afternoon of May 1st. 今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前， at, in, on都不填，此乃习惯记心间。
today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow, last week, next week, this year, that morning, every morning
★特别：morning, afternoon, evening, night, 前后加修饰语，立刻把in (at)→改为on. 如：on a winter morning; on the morning of May1st. 2．in + 一段时间（常表将来时) in ten years, in the last few weeks.
I will come back in two days.(两天后) 用How soon提问 3．from…to…, between…and…
from…to… 从…到… from Monday to Tuesday.
between…and… 在两者之间between eight and nine o’clock. 4．before 表时间（和after相反）
the day before yesterday 前天， before 10 o’clock 10点以前 the day after tomorrow 后天, after class / school 课后 5．ago (常和一般过去时连用) ten years ago 十年前 (二) 表方位的介词
1．in 与 at 表地点时，at + 小地点，in + 大地点。如有比较时，则相对大的用in, 相对小的用at. e.g. The soldiers arrived at a small village.
The foreigners will arrive in shanghai tomorrow. 2．in / on / to in the…of 在某一地域范围内的。 on the…of 与某一地方相接壤的。 to the…of 在…之外
A B A B A B e.g. Beijing is in the north of China. India is on the south of China. Japan is to the east of China. 3．in front of 与in the front of 在…前面
in front of 在… (整体的外部) 前面; in the front of 在…(整体内部) 前面
e.g. Lilei is in front of Wangling. The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. 4．across 与 through.
across 横面，表面通过 through 内部通过 run across the grass go through the forest. 5．in, into 表示“进入…内” on, onto表示“在…上”
in, on侧重状态 into, onto 与动感动词连用，侧重于动作 e.g. They are in the classroom. They are going into the classroom. He jumped onto the horse. 他跳上马. 6．between, among 在…之间 区别：between 在两者之间 among 在三者 / 三者以上
e.g. There is a mountain between the two cities. / His handwriting is the best among us three. 7．above, below over 与 under
above 高于 over 上方
不一定是垂直关系 一定指垂直关系 below 低于 under 下方 The plane was flying above the clouds. 飞机正在运上飞行。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 It’s very hot today. Let’s sit under the tree. Shall I write the sentence below the line?
8．at + 门牌 + 街道. in + 街道
e.g. at 88 Chang’an Street 在长安街88号 in Chang’an Street 在长安街 (三) 介词的其他用法 1. in
① in+语言：用某种语言 in English ② in+-颜色（衣服）穿着，颜色衣服 in red
③ in+材料, 表示用…材料, in pencil 用铅（材料）写的字，注意pencil前若有冠词a的话，前应用with。 with+工具，表示用…，with a pen 用钢笔。 2. 表乘某种交通工具有两种方法：
A. by + 交通工具 = B. 介词 + 冠词 (物主代词) + 交通工具 by bus = on the (his) bus.
go to…on foot = walk to + 地点 go to…by plane = fly to + 地点 go to…in a car = drive to + 地点
6. with one’s help.= with the help of sb.
With the help of you I did my homework well. (在……帮助下) We write with pens. (用工具)
We eat with our mouth, see with our eyes. (用) I know the boy with the name Tom. (叫……名) The girl with long hair is my friend. (长着) The boy is running with a kite. (随着) The man with a little boy is Mr. Li. (带着) Please give me a cup of tea with sugar (带有) Don’t play with the cat. (玩弄，玩耍) I live with my daughter. (与……一起) with no = without
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