语法精讲强化系列
三、形容词、副词和比较等级
考纲解读
近三年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法, 以及形容词和副词之间的转换。考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识, 还要掌握形容词和副词之间相互转换的规则, 以及同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。
考题链接
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I became interested (interest) in playing football thanks to a small accident.
2. (2019·天津高考)Even though we live in a high-tech age, it’s still impossible to predict the weather accurately (accurate).
3. (2018·北京高考)It’s unbelievable(believe). It just proves there are honest guys out there. Ⅱ. 单句改错
4. (2018·北京高考)But the urge would no doubt be great if you were living on the
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streets with little food and money. ( great改为greater )
5. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
(larger改为large)
6. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
(suddenly改为sudden)
解题思路
1. 根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断该用所给词的形容词形式还是副词形式填空。
2. 根据语境及常用比较级句式判断用所给形容词或副词的比较级还是最高级填空。
3. 根据句意及上下文语境确定填入的形容词或副词的正确形式。
【例1】He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”__________(high).
【点拨】此处grow表示become, 为系动词, 系动词后应用形容词作表语, 而high本身就是形容词, 无需词性转换; 由语境可知, 比之前“更高了”, 故用high的比较级higher。
【例2】I left early because I had an appointment __________(late) that day. 【点拨】此题考查副词的比较级的用法, later that day意为“那天晚些时候”。故用later。
考点清单
考点1 形容词和副词的词形变化
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1. 形容词后缀 (1)-able:
①v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。 ②n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。 (2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。 (3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general等。
(4)-ant或-ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent等。
(5)-ed或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。 (6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。 (7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。 (8)-ful:
①n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。 ②v. +ful: forgetful, careful等。
(9)-less: fearless, harmless, useless, helpless等。 (10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。
(11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious等。 (12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。 (13)n. +y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。 2. 形容词前缀
(1)un-: unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary等。 (2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。
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