静安区2017学年第二学期期末教学质量检测
高一英语 2018.06
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To Be the Best in Five Minutes
It’s that make-or-break moment. You head into a room to give a presentation or to take an exam. In theory, you should be successful in what’s coming. You’ve practiced ___17___ to say and mastered the material.
However, ___18___ it’s time to put your best foot forward, you mind goes into meltdown as you sink into an abyss（深渊）of panic, anxiety and self-doubt. You walk out full of regret, knowing that you didn’t rise to the challenge and wondering what you can do to prevent your next important opportunity from ___19___（slip）away.
Harvard social psychologist Amy Cuddy says there are some easy ways to help people dial into an inner strength that ___20___（show）their very best.
“Presence is your knowledge of and ability ___21___（access）your most true-self—your core values, your best talents and abilities and your expertise（专长），”says Cuddy.“It doesn’t give you talents you don’t have; it helps share the ones you do have. It doesn’t make you ___22___（smart）;it makes you more open. It doesn’t change who you are; it allows you to be who you are.” Contrary to popular self-help advice, presence doesn’t involve looking in the mirror. Instead, Cuddy says it ___23___（build）by adopting“power poses”—expansive body postures like“the starfish（海星）”or“the Wonder Woman”—for two minutes before an important event. The Harvard psychologist adds that“power poses”can make people positively shift their self-perception（自我认知）and behavior, ___24___ in turn changes how others look at them.
“What it’s doing is allowing people to be in the moment, instead of worrying about what ___25___ happen next, what they did a second before or what this person thinks of me,”says Cuddy.“That'’, in a way, what personal power really is. It’s the ability to bring yourself to be there and fully engaged, not be stuck in some worry circle.”
Cuddy said her previous work on stereotyping（模式化看待）aroused a strong interest in sharing social science research ___26___ non-academic audiences and helping people who don’t necessarily have social power, like some women, the elderly and the disabled, so they are able to feel powerful in their everyday lives.
Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. certainty B. presently C. unpleasant D. reverse E. practical F. excludes G. technology H. previously I. anger J. techniques K. produced 第 1 页 / 共 8 页
Science and Technology
There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving ___27___ problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, ___28___, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.
Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. Progress in science ___29___ the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and ___30___, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover may shock or ___31___ people—as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even a(n) ___32___ truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the option of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the opinion of refusing to hear the sonic boom ___33___ by a supersonic aircraft-flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air. Unlike science, progress in technology must be our slave and not the ___34___. The legitimate（合法的）purpose of technology is to serve people—people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who ___35___ wish to gain advantage for themselves.
We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame ___36___ itself for widespread pollution, resource exhaustion and even social decay in general—so much so that the promise of technology is vague. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more ___37___ than not succeeding.
We experience this ___38___ in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep ___39___ a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually ___40___, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always ___41___ the most difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I ___42___ to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its ___43___ appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious ___44___.
When ___45___ Encyclopedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after day I
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kept coming up with solutions, but none of them ___46___. My fatigue became almost unbearable. One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to ___47___ myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. ___48___, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution ___49___ in mind. In the weeks that followed, the ___50___ which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been ___51___.
Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
37. A. demanding B. promising C. tiring D. delighting 38. A. loneliness B. uselessness C. nervousness D. tiredness 39. A. postponing B. assigning C. refusing D. performing 40. A. psychological B. visible C. moral D. mental 41. A. set up B. deal with C. refer to D. turn up 42. A. longed B. hesitated C. struggled D. determined 43. A. possibilities B. rewards C. degrees D. difficulties 44. A. take up B. take over C. take in D. take off 45. A. publishing B. describing C. planning D. consulting 46. A. worked B. failed C. emerged D. survived 47. A. convince B. devote C. concern D. criticize 48. A. Confused B. Relieved C. Scared D. Disappointed 49. A. passively B. continuously C. hardly D. clearly 50. A. strategy B. observation C. explanation D. impression 51. A. refreshing B. depressing C. inspiring D. inviting
Section B
Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
Yesterday afternoon, I went back home and found the door to my house opened. It was not broken into because the lock was on the roof of the kennel where we normally put it and beside it was a paper bag filled with traditional vegetables. On the door mat was a pair of shoes belonging to my wife and this gave me assurance that it was her who had opened the door. This was unusual because she is always the one coming late in the evening from job so I didn’t expect her in the house at that time. Being a banker, the nature of her job requires her to settle her books and this would make her stay out till around 7:30 in the evening.
I headed directly to the bedroom. I found she had covered her face with a blanket. When I entered the bedroom section, she became quite emotional and started weeping uncontrollably. I tried to ask her what was wrong, but she couldn’t explain it and instead became more remorseful. I guessed that maybe she had been informed that one of her relatives was dead. So I didn’t want to take her fast. I seated her down on the bed and brought her a glass of water to drink and help her cool down.
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When she had already settled, she told me, “I am fed up my job, some clients applied for loans two weeks ago and I was charged with ensuring that the processing of the loans are fast tracked. The bank has delayed processing these loans and some customers have been calling me and insulting me, on phone and social media. The bank administrators have been too slow to respond to the applications and I feel that this is a punishment.” I told her,“Darling, if you want to shed tears because of what people say or think about you, then your tears will fill barrels before you die. You bitterness won’t help in finishing your enemies but will help them in finishing you.”
The pain of being insulted might sometimes be strong, but still it costs us nothing to forget and move on.
52. What does the word“remorseful”in paragraph 2 refer to? A. disappointed B. pleased C. regretful D. unthankful 53. Why did the writer’s wife cry?
A. She had some loans lost by some clients.
B. She was punished for slow loans by administrator. C. She was blamed by some customers mistakenly. D. She failed to track the loans of some clients. 54. What advice did the writer give to his wife? A. To die rather than to finish off her enemies. B. Return her enemies with bitterness. C. To store her tears in some barrels.
D. To leave what others commented behind.
（B）
Pick-ups and Drop-offs:
NORTH-END students can meet the green Parks van at: Garfield Community Center—3pm Northgate Community Center—3:30pm
Return to Northgate CC/Garfield CC—by 7pm Wednesday, January 6: Ice Skating
Glide into winterO2when we take to the ice for our first cold-weather event of the season! Whether you are a professional ice skater or this will be your first time on the ice, you are guaranteed to have a fantastic time!
Wednesday, January 13: College Preparedness 2.0
Although most of the stress applying for college this year is out of the way, this College Preparedness workshop will take things up a notch. Application deadlines for financial aid are drawing near and we are bringing in experts to help you through all of the specific details. This workshop will help to best prepare you for finding grants, scholarships, work study and student loans that will make paying for college easy as A-B-C, Do-Re-Me, AND 123. Wednesday, January 27: Ecological Risk Assessment of Your life/Home
There are so many warnings out there about what you should and should not put in your body and use in your home. This workshop helps make sense of it all. Come to figure out how to live your healthiest possible life without spending a ton of money.
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Wednesday, February 3: Winter Survival in Any Situation
Living in the outdoors with minimal equipment is a skill and an art. It is particularly challenging when the outside temperatures reach winter lows. The winter survival workshop will show you some old tricks of the trade for surviving outside in cold temperatures and how to make primitive fires. Wednesday, February 10:--Best Friend Ever
High school is temporary, but the friendships you make can be forever. How do you make a relationship last? Learn how to be the best friend you can be in this interactive workshop.
55. If you attend College Preparedness, you will learn _____. A. how to get financial support B. how to choose a good college C. how to make friends in college D. how to choose your college subjects 56. What’s the focus of the event on January 27? A. Friendship B. Education C. Health D. Entertainment 57. Who are the intended reader of the passage? A. Teachers B. Athletes C. Tourists D. Students
（C）
Robots come in many shapes and sizes, but scientists in Switzerland, have developed one that’s different from any other. Built in a lab, the new robot looks and acts just like a salamander（蜥蜴）. It’s called the Pleurobot, and scientists at the lab say that it’s one of the most realistic robotic animals ever made!
To create the robot, scientists took hundreds of X-rays of real salamanders. They studied the images of them to see which joints and muscles the animals use as they move. Then the scientists built the Pleurobot’s skeleton（骨骼）to move just like the real thing.
According to experts, amphibians（两栖动物）like salamanders were among the first animals to develop a skeleton and nervous system that allowed them to travel on land. That makes them“a kink of living fossil of the first land-dwelling vertebrates（脊椎动物）”. Auke Ijspeert said.“By studying the modern salamander, we have a time window to the ancestors of all land living vertebrates, including humans.”He says.“Human movement is clearly much more complex than salamander movement. But at the same time, the human nervous system shares many similarities with that of the salamander.”
Both humans and salamanders have a spinal cord (脊髓). That’s the bundle of nerves that runs down the spine and connects the brain to the rest of the body. These nerves are responsible for controlling arm, leg, and other body movements. An injury to the spinal cord can result in the inability to move. Currently there is no cure for paralysis（瘫痪）.
Ijspeert hopes that the Pleurobot can help change that. Ijspeert’s team can study how its movement is affected by different electrical signals—signals that act similarly to the way the brain controls the spinal cord in humans. These studies could help researchers develop new ways to help people who have been paralyzed by spinal cord injuries.
Scientists think that the Pleurobot could also be used for search-and-rescue missions which are too dangerous for humans. Because the robot is low to the ground and has a wide range of motion, it could be used to get into dangerous places, like collapsed buildings, to look for survivors. Thanks to its waterproof suit, the robotic salamander could even participate in underwater missions.
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58. According to the passage, the Pleurobot ____. A. is an animal pet raised in a lab B. can move like a real salamander C. is a cold-blooded animal living in water D. can change its shape and size easily 59. Salamanders are a kind of living fossils because ___. A. their skeletons are just like those of humans B. they are controlled by nervous system
C. they provide data on ancient land living animals D. they are the unique animals with skeletons
60. By making a robotic salamander, scientists intend to learn ____. A. how the spiral cord can be injured B. how our brain is connected to our body C. how nerves run down to spine quickly D. how a spiral cord controls our movement 61. The best title of the passage might be ____. A. A robot for salamander B. A high-tech amphibian C. A pet with a lifelike robot D. A man-made pet in the lab
Section C
Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. People will find alternatives long before they run out. B. The human race has become a problem-solving machine. C. In these terms, we are 43,000 times better off than in 1800. D. The average human can expect to live one-third longer. E. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. F. However, living in the country is not the best way to care for the Earth. Below is a selection about the world we live in. Urban living is a good thing
City inhabitants take up less space, use less energy and have less impact on natural ecosystems than country inhabitants. The world’s cities now contain over half its people, but they occupy less than 3% of its land area. Urban growth may annoy environmentalists. ___62___ The best things we can do for it is to build more skyscrapers. The important stuff costs less
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, long-lived and freer than ever is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel, and shelter（庇护所）—have grown markedly cheaper. Take one example: in 1800, a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1850s, the same light from a kerosene（煤油）lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950, it was eight second. Today, it’s half a second. ___63___ Consuming fuels creation
Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more calories, watts, horsepower, square meters, food per acre, kilometers per litre and, of course, money than who lived before us. ___64___ The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.
We can solve all our problems
If you say the world will go on getting better, you are considered mad. If you say disaster has come to a close, you may expect the Nobel Peace Prize. Pessimism（悲观主义）can be found
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everywhere. I cannot recall a time when I was not being told by somebody that the would could survive only if it abandoned economic growth. But the world will not continue as it is. ___65___ It solves those problems by changing its ways. The real danger comes from slowing change.
Ⅱ. Translation
Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 66. 周六之前能完成这个项目吗？（it）
67. 这本科普读物简明易懂，非常畅销。（easy）
68. 当我们踏入社会时，要学会适应竞争激烈的社会生活。（adapt）
69. 尽管已经实施了更为严厉的交通法规，这里的交通状况远不能令人满意。（carry out）
Ⅱ. Guided Writing
Directions：Write an English composition in about 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
培养孩子的兴趣爱好是必要的，但现在有很多家长追求子女的多才多艺。迫使孩子学习他们不感兴趣的东西，假如你是明启中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李华，给某英文报社写封信，谈谈对这种社会现象的看法，内容包括： ? 你是否赞同上述家长的做法；
? 以你或你朋友的经历说明你的观点； ? 呼吁家长要尊重孩子的意愿。
（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。）
参考答案
17. what 18. when 19. slipping 20. shows 21. to access 22. smarter 23. is built 24. which 25. may 26. with
27. E 28. J 29. F 30. A 31. I 32. C 33. K 34. D 35. B 36. G
37. C 38.D 39.A 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. D
58. B 59. A 60. D 61. B 62. F 63. C 64. E 65. B
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Translation :
66. Is it possible to complete the project before Saturday?
67. The popular science reading is easy to read, and become a bestseller.
68. When we step into society, we have to adapt ourselves to the competitive social life.
69. Although serious transportation rules have been carried out, the transportation situation is far from satisfactory.
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