www.zhan.com
2） 比较从句与主句情态可以一致，也可以不一致 I can eat more food than he can. I eat more food than he can. 5. 倍数的表达
1） twice 的用法
? twice as many/much ... as
Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.
? twice the n.
Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.
? twice what ...
In the 1980?s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970?s.
2） 用动词表达倍数 动词 double/triple/quadruple/quintuple 可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但不能与 as 搭配。 Although some officials noted that using machines for farming in China costs more than traditional hand cultivation, the mechanization of farming in the village of Long Bow doubled the corn yield while cutting costs to half those of the previous year.
3） ... times（或数字）+ as + 形容词或副词 + as ...
A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
4） sb. be + 百分数 + more likely to do sth. than to do sth.
According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular financial aid to their children than to receive it from them. 6. 比较结构中的习惯搭配
? as + adj. + a/an + n. + as ...
在比较两个人或事物在某方面相同时，使用该结构。 Exercising is as good a way as any to lose unwanted weight. ? more because ... than because ...
Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more because their bodies burn calories too slowly than because they eat too much.
? not ... so much A as B （与其说 A 倒不如说 B）
Child prodigies are marked not so much by their skills as by the fact that these skills are fully developed at a very early age.
? the more ... the more ...（越?，越?） 该结构本为倒装语序，其中 be 动词常常省略，the more 前不能再加修饰语。
A new study finds that the more hostility people show in their behavior and attitudes, the more likely they are to have calcium deposits in the arteries of their hearts.
www.zhan.com
? no more ... than（与?同样不）；no more than （最多，不超过） A man can do no more than he can. ? no less ... than（与?一样）；no less than（多达） She is no less good at swimming than Mary. We won no less than 500 in a competition. ? more ... than 与 less ... than Four eyes see more than two. ? verb. + more/less of + n.
more of（在更大程度上）和 less of（在较少程度上）修饰前面的动词。 I will see less of you in the future. ? ... be more/less likely ... than
Many teenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that the patterns of stress that girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.
? ... be probably not A, but more than likely B
According to scholars, the earliest writing was probably not a direct rendering of speech, but was more than likely began as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication, and only later merged with spoken language.
? at least as great/big as ...（至少等于）
A representation of an object that is at least as large as the object. ? as much as（几乎等于）
Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved worker performance if they simply provided offices with cleaner air.
? as great as, or greater than ... （至少等于）和 as good as, or better than ... （至少好于）
Today we are facing global and technological changes as great as, or even greater than those ever faced before.
? the same as ...
The price is the same as before the war. ? the same to A as to B
Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.
? like + n.
强调同一类事物在某方面具有相似性。 ? as + 句子 强调动作的相似性。 ? just as x, so y
It will not be possible to implicate melting sea ice in the coastal flooding that many global warming models have projected: just as melting ice cubes do not cause a glass of water to overflow, so melting sea ice does not increase oceanic volume.
www.zhan.com
? x is to y what A is to B
A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what Marx?s Das Kapital is to socialism. 7. 语义上比较或对比的结构
语义上具有比较或对比的结构（compared with，below，above，superior to），也要求比较对象具有可 比性，在形式上要尽可能对称。
Compared with other Native Americans of the Southwest, the Quechans were singularly uninterested in the accumulation of material wealth or in the crafting of elaborate pottery and basketry.
七、修饰语、定语从句和状语从句
1. 修饰语使用的四个基本原则
1） 修饰对象必须合理明确
Studies show that young people with higher-than-average blood pressure whose families have a history of high blood pressure are more likely than others to develop a severe form of the condition（. whose 跳跃修饰 young people）
2） 尽可能贴近修饰对象 3） 跳跃修饰的判断方法
? 先就近修饰，再跳跃修饰 ? 利用主谓一致判断修饰对象 Out of America's fascination with all things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.（that 从句修饰 market）
? 利用逻辑关系判断修饰对象 Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist and that make his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time.（that 从句修饰 powers）
4） 修饰语的位置改变原则
不能随意改变修饰语的位置，但当修饰对象不清或者修饰对象引起争议时，可以改变修饰语的位置。 The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to passing the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in 1999, allowing companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling them later. in 1999 既可能修饰 Act 也可能修饰 passing,导致修饰不清
The proliferation of so-called cybersquatters, people who register the Internet domain names of high-profile companies in hopes of reselling the rights to those names for a profit, led to the passage in 1999 of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, which allows companies to seek up to $100,000 in damages against those who register domain names with the sole intent of selling them later. 时间状语 in 1999 紧靠修饰对象 the passage,修饰无歧义
www.zhan.com
2. 名词的修饰语
1） 名词的修饰语数量要相对有限：尽可能控制在 3~4 个以内
2） 名词的修饰语要尽可能有层次地分布在名词前或者名词后，并且保持逻辑关系清晰 常用模式为：限定词 + 前置修饰语 + 中心词 + 后置修饰语 3） 名词的前置修饰语中 and 和逗号的使用
有时可只用逗号而不用 and 表示并列关系，两者无意义变化。一般来说，多个前置修饰语的语义类别 不同，他们之间不能加逗号或 and 隔开；如果语义类别相同，他们之间可以用逗号或 and 隔开。
正确用法：the official financial help；a concrete and glass factory；a concrete, glass factory 错误用法：the official and financial help；the official, financial help 4） 修饰语的位置 ? 放在后面：n + -ed the people questioned，the only place left，those selected，the material needed，the method adopted，the journalists surveyed
? 前后都可：available
? 放在前面：increased/increasing + n. 3. 限定性和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定作用，与先行词有着不可分割的关
系，它的前面通常没有逗号；
非限定性定语从句与先行词之间只有比较松散的关系，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
非限定性定语从句的关系代词 which 不能指代整个句子，正确的表达如下。 ? 句子，-ing ...：-ing 分词短语作伴随结果状语 Stock levels for domestic crude oil are far lower than in past years, leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supply disruptions in the Middle East or any unexpected growth in consumer demand that might be prompted by colder-than-normal temperatures.
? 句子 + n.结尾，which ...：which 引导定语从句修饰 n.
Intended primarily to stimulate family summer travel, the new airfare, which allows both an adult and a child to fly for the price of one ticket, also shortens the advance-purchase requirement for family travel to a minimum of seven days rather than fourteen.
? 名词/代词/数词 + of + which/whom ...结构作非限定性定语从句
India is country with at least fifty major regional languages, fourteen of which are officially recognized. 4. 准确使用关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：that（人或物），which（物），who（人，主格），whom
（人，宾格），whose（人或物） 关系副词：when，where，why 5. 定语从句习惯搭配
? the period when ...
The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic people has been established by carbon-14 dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is the reason for their decoration, the use to which primitive people put the caves, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
? a time when ...
At a time when women typically had a narrow range of choices, Mary Baker Eddy became a distinguished
相关推荐：
loading