南侨中学 高一级 unit语法 直接引语和间接引语
Direct speech & Indirect speech （Ⅰ）
引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内,这叫 (Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫 (Indirect speech). Mr.Black said, “I’m busy.” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）
陈述句：(用来说明事实或说话人的看法)
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语，即变为由连词 引导的宾语从句， （that在口语中可省略）。
1. 由直接引语转变为间接引语,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。 1）人称的变化
观察句子找出直接引语变为间接引语发生变化的地方：
①He said, “ I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它。” → He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
②He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书落在你的房间里了。 →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书落在我的房间里了。
2）时态的变化
①主句动词为一般过去时，从句动词时态相应变化： 一般现在时→ 一般过去时→ 现在完成时→ 过去完成时不变 现在进行时→ 一般将来时→
练习： 1.
“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. “I saw her in the street,” he said. “I have seen her before,” said he.
“ Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.” Jack said to me. “I’m making coffee for you all,” she said. He said: “We will do it after class.”
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南侨中学 高一级 unit语法 直接引语和间接引语
②主句动词为一般现在时，从句动词时态不变
She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”
→ 3)直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变: ◆直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”
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◆直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时, 时态不变。
The teacher said, “World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.”
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◆直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存 在的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。
The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” → .
4)直接引语转变为间接引语,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语 this→ these→ now→ ago→ today→ tomorrow→ the day after tomorrow→ yesterday→ last night→ the day before yesterday come→ here→
练习：把下列直接引语改为间接引语
1. Mary said to her mother, “I will help these children learn English tomorrow.” → 2. She said, “I went there yesterday.”
→ 3. He said, “These books are mine.”
→ 4. “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me.
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南侨中学 高一级 unit语法 直接引语和间接引语
→ 5.Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
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疑问句 一般疑问句：一般指由yes或no回答的疑问句
特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开始的疑问句
直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问语序变为陈述语序，句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语也要做相应的变化。 1) 一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词say/said要改为ask/asked，原问句变为由连词 引导的宾语从句。没有间接 宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him,her.
He said, “ Are you interested in English?” 他问道：“你对英语感兴趣吗？” → He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 他问我是否对英语感兴趣。 She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
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2）特殊疑问句:直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用 作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：
“What do you want?” he asked me. “你想要什么？”他问我 →He asked me what I wanted. 他问我想要什么。 The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
→ ExerciseⅠ把下列直接引语改为间接引语 1 “Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.
→ 2 “Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John. →
3 “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked. → 4. “Anne, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. → 5. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Anne.
→ 6. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. → Exercise II
1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks today B. you look today C. we looked that day D. I looked…that day
2 Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”
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南侨中学 高一级 unit语法 直接引语和间接引语
Mr Black said that __ a long way __.
A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week 3 The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that __ take it back ____.
A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day 4 He asked, “What’s the matter with you?” He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 5.Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”
Jane asked ____ about _____.
A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago 6.She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time
B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time
7.Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays.
A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your 8.The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”
The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise 9. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that 10. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ____ yet. A.I hadn’t left there
B.I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here
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