货车滚动轴承故障分析及防止方法（潘磊）docx - 图文

毕业设计方案

课题名称：《货车滚动轴承故障分析

及防止方法》

所在学院车机学院 班 级 车辆134

姓 名 潘磊 学 号 201313240434 指导老师 何湘桂 完成日期2015.12

目 录

摘 要 ...................................................................... 2 第1章 前言 .................................................................. 1 第2章 轴承的发展历程 ........................................................ 2

2.1轴承结构的发展变化 ................................................... 2 2.1.1滚动轴承开始推广使用 ............................................... 2 2.1.2滚动轴承品种多样化 ................................................. 2 2.1.3货车常用的轴承 ..................................................... 2 第3章 货车滚动轴承轴箱装置结构组成 .......................................... 4

3.1轴承结构 ............................................................. 4 3.2滑动轴承轴箱装置 ..................................................... 4 3.3滚动轴承轴箱装置 ..................................................... 6 3.4滚动轴承的特点 ....................................................... 6 第4章 货车滚动轴承常见故障分析 .............................................. 7

4.1滚动轴承故障 ......................................................... 7 4.2原因分析 ............................................................. 7 4.2.1车辆轮对踏面擦伤 ................................................... 7 4.2.2滚动体及滚道裂纹、拉伤、灼痕、疲劳剥离掉块 ......................... 8 4.2.3保持架隔窗断裂 ..................................................... 8 4.2.4油脂故障 ........................................................... 9 4.2.5油脂故障 ........................................................... 9 4.2.6密封罩松动脱出和外圈缺损 .......................................... 10 4.2.7滚子剥离 .......................................................... 10 第5章 货车滚动轴承常见故障的预防措施 ....................................... 13

5.1消除踏面故障 ........................................................ 13 5.2加强列检标准化作业 .................................................. 13 5.3应对列车制动系统的可靠性进行全面调查及检测 .......................... 13 5.4严格控制转向架及轮对的制造、检修质量 ................................ 14 5.5加强各部门的联劳协作 ................................................ 14 5.6轴承润滑脂的控制 .................................................... 14 5.7加强轴承与轴、端盖的选配 ............................................ 15 5.8开发减少车轮擦伤、剥离的新产品、新技术 .............................. 15 第6章 建议与改进 ........................................................... 16

6.1前盖 ................................................................ 16 6.2封罩 ................................................................ 16 6.3保持架 .............................................................. 16 6.4加强周期性顶轮检测 .................................................. 16 6.5列检应严格执行作业标准 .............................................. 17 总结 ....................................................................... 19 参考文献.................................................................... 20 致谢 ....................................................................... 21

摘 要

我国目前拥有各型铁路货车约40多万辆，随着铁路货车向重载、高速的方向发展以及车辆使用率的提高,车辆在运用中出现的车辆故障也日益突出,特别是滚动轴承故障的大幅度增加,使货车滚动轴承故障分析及防止方法成为一项重要的攻关课题。

滚动轴承是密封式结构,如何在日常检查中及时准确地发现故障,并有效地防止滚动轴承故障，确保行车安全畅通这个课题就摆在了我们面前。铁路货车是铁路货物运输的运载工具，轮对、滚动轴承是铁路货车走行部上重要的并且是可互换的部件，其技术状态直接影响到车辆的运行安全。因此货车滚动轴承故障急需得到解决。

关键词：货车； 轴承； 故障； 分析

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Abstract

About ramp up to now has all types of railway freight cars in our country, with the railway freight cars to the direction of heavy-load and high-speed development as well as improving utilization rate of vehicles, vehicles used in the event of vehicle failure is increasingly conspicuous, especially rolling bearing failure significantly increases freight car rolling bearing failure analysis and prevention has become an important research topic.

Rolling bearings are sealed, and found faults in the routine inspections in a timely and accurate manner, and effectively protect against roller bearing failure and ensure traffic safety the issue in front of us. Railway wagons are railway freight transport vehicle wheels on railway freight cars, rolling bearings are important and are interchangeable parts, its technical status directly affects the safe operation of the vehicle. Freight car rolling bearing fault needed to be addressed.

Key words: freight train bearing breakdown analyses

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