disappeared because of changes of climate and their failure to ___52___ to such conditions as competition and predation (捕食). Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly sped up as a result of both human population growth and technological effect on natural ecology systems.
Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the ___53___ of natural habitats. Drainage of wetlands (沼泽地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced ___54___ natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into ___55___ areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” ___56___ contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing their genetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.
Since the 1600s, ___57___ exploitation of animals for food and other products has caused many species to become extinct or endangered. ___58___ diseases and parasites(寄生虫) have also greatly reduced some species. Pollution is another important cause of their extinction.
Some private and government efforts have been organized to save ___59___ species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International ___60___ have been made. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by ___61___ and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, ___62___ enforcement and support by the people and the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the ___63___ of some segments (部门) of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals ___64___ and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.
50. A. Variety B. Extinction C. Creation D. Survival 51. A. evolve B. exist C. change D. develop 52. A. apply B. stick C. adapt D. expose 53. A. destruction B. extension C. expansion D. competition 54. A. continental B. invisible C. casual D. available 55. A. smaller B. milder C. spacious D. rural 56. A. make B. keep C. lose D. increase 57. A. experimental B. commercial C. agricultural D. financial 58. A. Promoted B. Investigated C. Enhanced D. Introduced 59. A. killed B. declining C. increasing D. some 60. A. efforts B. debates C. publications D. issues 61. A. delivering B. generating C. regulating D. promoting 62. A. sets up B. depends on C. calls on D. takes up 63. A. expectation B. evidence C. willingness D. complaint 64. A. considerately B. individually C. consciously D. illegally
Section B
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Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
There are many stereotypes (定型) about the character of people in various parts of the United States. In the Northeast and Midwest, people are said to be closed and private. In the South and West, however, they are often thought of as being more open and hospitable. Ask someone from St. Louis where the nearest sandwich shop is, and he or she will politely give you directions. A New Yorker might eye you at first and after deciding it is safe to talk to you, might give you a rather unexpected explanation. A person from Georgia might be very kind about directing you and even suggest some different places to eat. A Texan just might take you to the place and treat you to lunch.
American stereotypes are abundant. New Englanders are often thought of as being friendly and helpful. Southerners are known for their hospitality and warmth. People from the western part of the United States are often considered very outgoing. These differences in character can be traced to different factors such as climate, living conditions, and historical development.
When travelling from place to place, Americans themselves are often surprised at the differing degrees of friendliness in the United States. 65. The main idea of the passage is _____________.
A. even Americans are surprised at the differences among themselves B. stereotypes about people are not necessarily true C. there are many reasons for the differences
D. there are many differences in character in different parts of the USA 66. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. People from the South are usually considered good.
B. New Yorkers are usually open with strangers.
C. The friendliest Americans travel from place to place. D. Different parts have different customs and habits.
67. The differences lie in the following except ______ of the parts. A. the weather B. the names C. the geography D. the history 68. The word “abundant” in the second paragraph may probably mean _________. A. strange B. normal C. curious D. plentiful
(B) Singapore Robotic Games 2011 20-22 January 2011 Science Centre, Singapore The Annexe CALL FOR ENTRIES You are invited to participate in the coming Singapore Robotic Games 2011.
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There are 14 exciting events to compete in. Don’t miss out on the ROBOT OLYMPICS OF Singapore!!! EVENTS AT A GLANCE Legged Robot Marathon Race Legged Robot Obstacle Race Micromouse competition (open) Micromouse competition (JC/ITE) Pole Balancing Robot Competition RC Sumo Robot Competition Schools Robotic Competition Open Category Robot Colony Competition Intelligent Robot Contest Wall climbing Robot Race Robot Soccer Competition Underwater Robot Competition Humanoid robot Competition For more information, visit our website at: http://guppy.mpe,nus.edu.sg/srg In addition, there will be a public lecture by a distinguished and internationally renowned speaker. The main objectives of the Singapore Robotic Games are: ? to give the general public an understanding and appreciation of robotics ? to educate the general public on the things robots can do ? to encourage innovation among young engineers Singapore Robotic games 2011 is open to all, and international participation is encouraged. For more information, please contact Marcelo H. Ang Jr., National University of Singapore, Tel (65) 6516-2555, Fax (65) 6779-1459 69. What else can people do besides participating in the competition during Singapore Robotic
Games 2011?
A. Carry out a research about robots. B. Make a robot. C. Visit the website. D. Listen to a lecture. 70. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Participants can enter for the competition through the website given. B. Interested participants can contact Marcelo H. Ang Jr.
C. Singapore Robotic Games are open only to domestic students. D. There are 17 events to compete in the Singapore Robotic Games.
71. One of the main purposes of organizing the Singapore Robotics Games is to ____. A. help the public know more about the use of robots B. invite only international participants C. attract visitors to Science Center
D. select Singapore’s best robot among all the competitions
(C)
The World Health Organization says diseases are increasingly threatening the health of people around the world. This is due to the frequency and speed with which people and cargo are moving around the planet.
The report notes airlines carry more than two billion people a year. Those people who are sick take their diseases with them and pass them on from one country to another in a matter of hours.
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The Director-General of the World Health Organization says no country can protect itself from the invasion by a pathogen (病原体) incubating in an airline passenger or an insect hiding in a cargo hold.
“Changes in the way humanity inhabits the planet have created multiple opportunities for new diseases to emerge, and for older diseases to resurge or become established on new continents. Population growth, rapid urbanization, intensive farming practices, environmental degradation, and the misuse of antibiotics have placed enormous pressure on the microbial world.”
The report finds new diseases are now emerging at an unprecedented average rate of one per year. Since 1967, it says at least 39 new diseases have developed. These include HIV/AIDS, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Marburg fever and SARS.
But, for Dr Chan, the biggest threat to people around the world is posed by a future pandemic of avian influenza, which, she says, could potentially kill millions of people.
“The sheer size of the problem, no single country or agency can handle the next pandemic single-handedly,” the Director-General said. “And, that calls for international collaboration, global solidarity and collective defense system…But, if we carried out the international health regulation…the world stands a better chance to defend itself against a future risk coming from outbreaks. And, I am confident that with better preparedness, we will mitigate the negative health impacts from outbreaks.”
Under the International Health Regulations, countries are supposed to report potentially dangerous health emergencies to the World Health Organization and to share information that could help control the disease.
The WHO report urges people to remain cautious in managing the risks and consequences of the international spread of polio and the newly emerging strain of extensively drug-resistant TB. It also warns about new health threats linked to potential terrorist attacks, chemical incidents and radio nuclear accidents.
72. According to the WTO report, the international spread of diseases attributes to _______. A. environmental degradation B. the misuse of antibiotics
C. the frequent transportation of people and cargo around the world D. population growth and rapid urbanization
73. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the WHO report?
A. New diseases are now emerging at an unprecedented average rate of one per year. B. Some country can protect itself from the invasion by an insect hiding in a cargo hold.
C. No country can protect itself from the invasion by a pathogen incubating in an airline passenger.
D. Those sick people in airplanes take their diseases with them and spread them from one country to another immediately.
74. What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?
A. Handling the next pandemic requires international collaboration.
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