考点十 名词性从句
限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空
1．________ she was invited to the ball made her very happy．
答案：That 空格处引导主语从句。从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此用that引导该主语从句。
2．Children should be reminded of ________ they should do in public places． 答案：what 句意：应该提醒孩子们在公共场所应该做些什么。所填词引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，意为“……的事情”，故用what。
3．Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact ________ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional．
答案：that 句意：迪克喜欢画画，但他知道自己没有成为一名专业画家所需要的(素质)。that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。
4．Success partially depends on ________ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly．
答案：whether 根据句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句；根据句意可判断，设空处意为“是否”，其前有介词on，故填 whether。
5．I lost my cell phone yesterday． Can you tell me ________ I can buy one? 答案：where where引导宾语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。
6．It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind．
答案：that it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，因此用that。
7．________ breaks the law will be punished．
答案：Whoever 句意：无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。主语从句中缺少主语，指人，并且表泛指，故用whoever。
8．She will give ________ needs help a warm support．
答案：whoever 句意：凡是需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。由句意可知，应填whoever，在宾语从句中充当主语。
9．I have no idea ________ the girl is doing in her room now．
答案：what 句意：我不知道那个女孩现在在房间里干什么。由句意可知，应填what，在同位语从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事情”。
10．________ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions．
答案：What 分析句子成分可知，主语从句中缺少主语，且指事物，因此用what。 11．Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565．
答案：when 句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。
12．It shocked the world ________ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal．
答案：that 句意：令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015年《巴黎气候变化协定》和2015年《伊朗核协议》。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
13．I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure ________ to begin．
答案：where 句意：我现在需要帮助！我不得不修理洗手间里一个正在漏水的管子，但是我不确定从何处着手。此处表示是管子哪里漏水，表示地点，填where。
14．Forty grams of meat per day is ________ people should consume in order to stay fit．
答案：what 句意：为了保持健康，人们每天应该消耗40克肉。“________ people should consume”是表语从句，该从句中，consume缺少宾语，且表示“所……的东西”，故要用what引导该从句。
15．The famous player tried again and again after each failure． That's ________ he succeeded at last．
答案：why 句意：每次失败后，这位著名的球员一次又一次地尝试。那就是为什么他最终成功了(的原因)。be后面的是一个表语从句，用why引导从句，表示结果，故填why。
16．The retired engineer is showing ________ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know．
答案：how 句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游客想知道的。由句意可知，填how，意为“怎么，如何”。这是how引导的宾语从句。
17．It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic．
答案：when 句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。由句意可知，填when。这是when引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。
18．The problem is ________ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have．
答案：that 句意：问题是，有时候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时，我们就认为这是理所当然的，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。由于从句中成分完整，因此应用that来引导，that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。
19．Ten percent of life is ________ happens to you and ninety percent is ________ you respond to it．
答案：what; how 句意：生活的百分之十是事件本身，另有百分之九十在于你如何回应它。分析句子结构可知，第一空引导表语从句，happens to you缺少主语，意为“什么事”，因此应用what来引导；第二空也引导表语从句，you respond to it成分齐全，因此应用how，表方式。
20．After a day's exhausting climb we arrived at ________ we had been told was Garden in the Air．
答案：what 句意：经过一天筋疲力尽的攀爬，我们终于到了那个被称为“空中花园”的地方。分析句子结构可知，at为介词，后面是一个宾语从句，we had been told为插入语，宾语从句中缺主语，且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用what。
21．Sometimes, ________ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her．
答案：how 句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。此处用how，表方式，引导主语从句。
22．It remains to be seen ________ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going．
答案：whether 句意：这个计划是否足够可行来让这个工程继续下去，还有待于进一步观察。whether引导主语从句，it是形式主语。
23．Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses, and you are required to choose ________ suits you best．
答案：whichever 句意：一些夏令营可以提供多达10门课程，你可以从中选择最适合自己的课程。choose后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且前句提到范围即as many as ten courses，故此处表示你最喜欢的任何一门，故填whichever。
24．It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger． It's ________ their habitats or homelands are disappearing．
答案：because 句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。空格处引导表语从句。根据前后两句的关系，空格处表示因果关系，故使用because。
25．I just wonder ________ it is that all the villagers think highly of him． 答案：why 句意：我就是想知道为什么所有的村民对他的评价这么高。wonder后面用why引导宾语从句。
26．If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose ________ you have already filled out on this form．
答案：whatever 句意：如果你留下这个申请表不填，而去另一个网站，你将会丢失你在这个表格中已填好的任何东西。根据句意可知，是丢失已经填好的表格内容，用whatever引导。
27．________ they've managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us．
答案：How 句意：他们是怎么如此快速地把一切做完的我们还不清楚。主语从句不缺少主语、宾语和定语，且由managed to get everything finished可知空格处是表示方式，因此填How。
28．A proposal was put forward at the meeting ________ the new cement plant shouldn't be built near the school．
答案：that 句意：一个建议在会上被提出来，新水泥厂不应该建在学校附近。本题考查的是同位语从句，句中的“that the new cement plant shouldn't be built near the school”解释说明名词proposal。
29．The most exciting moment was ________ I was given the first prize． 答案：when 句意：我最兴奋的时刻是我获得第一名的时候。根据句中的“exciting moment”可知，此处是when引导的表语从句。
30．They are discussing the problem ________ they should stop investing money in that project．
答案：whether 句意：他们正在讨论是否应该停止向那个项目投资的问题。分析句子结构，空格后面是一个同位语从句，解释前面“problem”的内容，根据句意，缺少表示“是否”的词，而if不能引导同位语从句，只能填whether。
二、单句改错
1．The fact when he had not said anything surprised me．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：when→that 本句中含有同位语从句，解释说明The fact的内容，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，故引导词用that。
2．That the fat boy needs is much more practice．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→What is前面的句子是一个主语从句，从句中缺少needs的宾语，且意为
“……的事物(东西)”，因此应用what。
3．That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→Whether 句意：我们是否能准时到达那里取决于天气。whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，本句中的主语从句缺乏表示“是否”的连接词，故将That改为Whether。
4．The reason why she doesn't like me is I make her angry．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：is后加that is后是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。表语从句中that不能省略。“The reason why ．．． is that ．．．”是一固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”。
5．I have been worrying about if I have hurt Mary's feelings．
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：if→whether 宾语从句位于介词之后，表“是否”时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。
6．That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：That→What 引导主语从句并且在从句中作主语，且意为“……的事情”，应用What。
7．It's no longer a question now that man can land on the moon． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：that→whether 句意：现在，人类是否能登上月球已经不再是一个问题了。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。
8．The real reason why I don't have a hobby is because I don't have time． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：because→that 句意：我没有爱好的真正的原因是我没时间。表语从句中不缺少成分，并且句意完整，因此应用that。The reason why ．．． is that ．．． “……的原因是……”。
9．The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：news后加that 句意：他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了全国。that引导同位语从句，解释前面的news 的内容，that不能省略。
10．The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad． ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：who→whoever 句意：组织者承诺无论谁获得一等奖都会有出国的机会。在题干
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