全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语专业)附录三

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）附录三 附录3 常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及见缩写词

一、常用的前缀和后缀 1. 常用前缀 aero-:

concerning the air or aircraft plane—areoplane space—aerospace

anti-:

against; opposite of nuclear—antinuclear matter—antimatter war—antiwar

auto-:

of or by oneself

biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticism be-:

to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend little—belittle bi-:

tow; twice; double lingual—bilingual cycle—bicycle bio-:

concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere

by-, bye-:

less important

product— by-product way— byway

centi-:

hundredth part grade—centigrade

mater—centimeter co-:

together, with author—coauthor exist—coexist col-:

( used before l ) together, with location—collocation

com-:

( used before b, m, p ) together, with Passion—compassion

con-:

together, with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-: opposite

diction—contradiction natural—contranatural cor-:

( used before r ) together, with relate—correlate respond—correspond

counter-: opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-:

across; going between the stated things and joining them country— cross-country breed—crossbreed de-:

showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce code—decode value—devalue

dis-:

not; the opposite of

advantage—disadvantage agree—disagree honest—dishonest em-:

( used before b, m, p ) to cause to become body—embody power—empower en-:

to cause to become; to make danger—endanger large—enlarge ex-:

former ( and still living ) minister— ex-minister wife— ex-wife

extra-:

outside; beyond

curricular—extracurricular ordinary—extraordinary

fore-:

in advance, before; in or at the front arm—forearm warn—forewarn il-:

( used before l ) not legal—illegal literate—illiterate im-:

( used before b, m, p ) not moral—immoral possible—impossible in-: not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-:

below in a range; beyond red—infrared

structure—infrastructure

inter-:

between; among change—interchange national—international

intra-:

inside, within; into city—intracity

department— intra-department ir-:

( used before r ) not regular—irregular

responsible—irresponsible

kilo-: thousand

gram—kilogram mater—kilometer

macro-: large,

esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics—macroeconomics structure—macrostructure

mal-:

bad or badly

function—malfunction treat—maltreat

micro-:

extremely small

computer—microcomputer electronics—microelectronics

mid-: middle

day—midday night—midnight

mini-:

small; short bus—minibus skirt—miniskirt

mis-:

bad or badly; wrong or wrongly fortune—misfortune

understand—misunderstand

mono-: one; single

plane—monoplane tone—monotone

multi-:

more than one; many purpose—multipurpose national—multinational

non-: not

resident—non(-)resident sense—nonsense

out-:

outside; beyond live—outlive door—outdoor

over-:

too much; above; additional head—overhead time—overtime

poly-: many

centric—polycentric syllabic—polysyllabic