(12)how 的几个短语:how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问;how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态;how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时态;how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问;how much“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。 如:How long have you been like this?/ How often does he wash his face? (13)much、more与most的用法:这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示“很”,修饰原级形/副,more表示“更”用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示“最”用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。 如:This park is much more beautiful than that one./ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen. (14)no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法:表示时间,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在谓语动词之前;表示程度,可以用no more、not...any more。 如:He no longer lived there. / Tom wanted no more cakes. / He didn’ t smoke any more/longer. (15)被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。 如:The runner was badly hurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛) (16)too...to...与so...that...的问题:副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...to... (“太??以致不??”)是否定的结构,用于简单句;so...that...(“如此??以致??”)是肯定结构,用于复合句。 如:The child is too young to join the army. / He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. (17)既是形容词也是副词的单词有:early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。 如:It was a long holiday./ He stayed there very long./ Think hard then you will find a way. / He is a very hard(难对付的) person. (18)farther与further的用法区别:表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为“更远、较远”,但是further还表示“更多、进一步、额外”等意思,此时不能换为farther. 如:They decided to go farther/further the next day./ This problem will be further discussed./ Every one of them had their further studies after they left college. (19)rather与quite的用法区别:同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示“不到最高程度但是比预料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对“nice”程度的描绘: not nice (fairly)nice quite nice rather nice very nice 如:It’s quite a nice film.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影) / It’s rather a nice film.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好) [注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。 (20)maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别:maybe“可能、也许”,比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大;possibly“可能地、或者、也许”,可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示“无论如何”;perhaps“可能”,较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。 如:You could put it over there, maybe. / I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book in such a short time. / I thought perhaps it was the letter you have been expecting. (21)most、mostly的区别:most作为形容词和名词时意思是“大多数的、大部分的”,作为副词时意思为“最,十分、很”;mostly仅为副词,意思为“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。 如:I was at home most of the time when I was free.Most children are naughty./ This is the most exciting part of the film./She is mostly out on Sundays. (22)(be) worth、(be) worthy of的区别:worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰;worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟动名词的被动形式。 5
如:What is worth doing at all is worth doing well/ The house is worth ¥300,000./ This book is well worth reading several times./ It is a thing worthy of being seen. (23)almost、nearly的区别:两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly. almost no 相当于hardly any(几乎没有)。 如:He had done almost nothing today. / We are almost/nearly there. / Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words. (24)a bit与a little的区别:这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。 如:This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive./ It is a little(a bit) colder than yesterday. 另外,a little可以直接加不可数名词,a bit 则采用“a bit + of +名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如:I have got a bit of a cold./ Go and get a little water for me, please. [注意] not a bit(=not at all)意为“根本不”,而 not a little则意为“非常,不是一点”。 练一练 1. I think Chinese is ________than maths. A. interesting C. most interesting B. more interesting D. the most interesting 2. -What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing? -Singing.of course.She's known to ________it. A. be good at C. be bad at B. be good for D. be bad for 3. The Huang He River is one of ________in China. A. The long river C. the longest rivers B. the longest river D. the longer river 4. The girl was ________a fraid ________she threw her bag away. A. so, that C. too,that B. too, to D. enough,to 5. It was ________ yesterday than today. A. hot C. hotter B. hoter D. the hottest 6. Which subject do you like ________, English Chinese or maths? A. best B. well 6
C. better D. good 7. None of the students watched it ________. A. careful enough C. carefully enough B. enough carefully D. enough careful 8. ________she eats,________she'll be. A. More…fat C. More…the fatter B. The more…fatter D. The more…the fatter 9. I don't think English is ________Chinese. A. as important as C. not so important B. not important as D. important as 10. Miss Gao is a good English teacher.The students in her class ________English. A. are interested in C. are interested at B. are interesting in D. are interesting to Keys: 1 2 【答案】 B. 【答案】 A. 【析】 在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级。 【析】 be good at为固定搭配,意为“擅长作某事”。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢,而不能似是而非。如:be good at,be bad at,be poor in,be week in,be fit for。 3 4 【答案】 C. 【答案】 A. 【析】 在one of + 定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。 【析】 so?that为“如此怎样以至于如何”,此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too?to的意思为“如何如何,以至于不能作某事”。但to的后面是动词原形,而不是从句。 5 6 7 【答案】 C. 【答案】 A. 【答案】 C. 【析】 用than表达比较的句中应用比较级 。 【析】 在两者之间应用比较级,而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级。 【析】 首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词,应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。 8 9
【答案】 D. 【答案】 A. 【析】 the+比较级表示\越来越??\本句应译为:她吃得越多,她就会越胖。 【析】 think+宾语从句时,应采用否定主句的形式,如:中文讲,\我认为你不对\,英文应7
为:\我不认为你对\。 I don't think you are right. 所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正确的表达法。 10 【答案】 A. 【析】 过去分词常用来修饰人,而现在分词常用来修饰物,如:an interesting book, 实际上过去分词含有被动之意,如:interested 其含意是“被??所吸引,感动”。而interesting 则为“使人感兴趣的”,如:an interesting man 一个有趣、风趣的人。 Step 2形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级 1、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。 原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 2、规则变化: (1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。 a)直接加er,est : b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est: c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est: (2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most. 3、不规则变化: 原级 good好的 well好;(身体)好的, bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) much许多的(不可数);非常 little少的 far远的;远地 比较级 better更好的 最高级 best最好的 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的 (身体)最不舒服的 more更多的;更 less更少的 farther更远的;更远地 further进一步的(地) most最多的;最 least最少的 farthest最远的;最远地 furthest最深刻的(地) 4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法: (1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是: 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +…. 如:He is very old now. / They ran quite fast. / The weather looks rather bad./ I am so happy! ☆ 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型: 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +…. 如:He is as excited as his younger sister./ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady./ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did). ☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型: 8
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