change will occur．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A．accustomed B．carefully C．cautiously D．concrete E．credibility F．decayed G．desire H．dimensions I．eligible J．exposed K．indication L．occasions M．permanent N．sensitivity
O．translated Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2． The Street-Level Solution
A．When l was growing up，one of my father’s favorite sayings(borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers)
was：“It isn’t what we don’t know that causes the trouble；it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so．” One of the main insights to be taken from the 100，000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that, until recently, our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness，but it didn’t．
B． That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need．Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group．It’s only in the past 1．5 years that organizations like Common Ground，and others．have taken a street-level view of the problem—distinguishing the \homeless”from the“chronically homeless”in order to understand their needs at an individual level．This is why we can now envisage a different approach——and get better results．
C．Most readers expressed support for the effort，although a number were skeptical，and a few utterly dismissive．about the chances of long．term homeless people adapting well to housing．This is to be expected；it’s hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen．As Niccolo Machiavelli wrote in The Prince．one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the“incredulity of men．”which is to say that people“do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them．”Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades．Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully．We don’t have reference points for that story．So we generalize from what we know--or think．we know．
D．But that can be misleading，even to experts．When I asked Rosanne Haggerty, founder of Common
Ground，which currently operates 2，3 1 0 units of supportive housing(with 552 more under construction),what had been her biggest surprise in this work, she replied：“Fifteen years ago, I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings．\And Becky Kanis, the campaign's director, commented: \is this sense in our minds that someone who's on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house．The campaign is creating a first-hand experience for many people that that is really not the case．\
E． One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person--all it takes is a traumatic (创伤的) brain injury． A bicycle fall, a car accident, a slip on the ice, or if you're a soldier, a head wound--and your life could become unrecognizable．James O'Connell, a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years, estimates that 40 percent of the long-term homeless people he's met had such a brain injury． \became homeless,\he said． \became unpredictable． They'd have mood swings, fits of explosive behavior． They couldn't hold onto their jobs． Drinking made them feel better． They'd end up on the streets．\
F． Once homeless people return to housing, they're in a much better position to rebuild their lives． But it's important to note that housing alone is not enough． As with many complex social problems, when you get through the initial crisis, you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging． But it is a better problem．
G． Over the past decade, O'Connell has seen this happen． \or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets,\． \if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems． It's the first step．\
H． Once in housing, formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely． If they've lived on the streets for years, they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills． Now indoors, those aspects of their identity may be stripped away． Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset． \months, you kind of lose your bearings,\says Haggerty． \becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food, begging, looking for a job to survive another day． The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered．\
I． Many need regular, if not continuous, support with mental health problems, addictions and illnesses--and, equally important, assistance in the day-to-day challenges of life, reacquainting with family, building relationships with neighbors, finding enjoyable activities or work, managing finances, and learning how to eat healthy food．
J． For some people, the best solution is to live in a communal (集体) residence, with special sevices．This isn't available everywhere, however． In Boston, for example, homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city．
K． Common Ground's large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports． In addition to more traditional social services, residents also make use of communal gardens, classes in things like cooking, yoga, theatre and photography, and job placement． Last year, 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground's residences, found jobs．
L．Because the properties have many services and are well-managed, Haggerty has found post-housing problems to be surprisingly rare． In the past 10 years, there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants． There is very little graffiti (涂鸦) or vandalism (破坏) And the turnover is almost negligible． In the Prince George Hotel in New York, which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 low-income tenants, the average length of tenancy is close to seven years． (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent; for the formerly homeless, this comes out of their government Benefits)． When people move on, it is usually because they've found a preferable apartment．
M． \also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings,\said Haggerty． \formed a gardening committee． They want a terrace on the roof． Those are things I didn't count on．\that's true of every New Yorker,\． \building． Our tenants look like anyone else．\
N． As I mentioned, homelessness is a catch-all for a variety of problems． A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness, which has different causes and requires a different solution． I've been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness． Later in 2011, I'll explore these ideas in a column． For now, I'll conclude with an update on the 100,000 Homes Campaign． Since Tuesday, New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results． The current count of people housed is 7,043． 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46． Tenants in Common Ground's residences all want more room for storage．
47． Homes Campaign provides first-hand proof that the homeless are not what they were once believed to be．
48． Common Ground's residences are well-managed and by and large peaceful．
49． Housing the homeless is only the first step to solving all their problems．
50． A large percent of the chronically homeless have suffered from brain injury．
51． After being housed many homeless people become confused at first as to how to deal with life off the street．
52． Some people think the best way to help the homeless is to provide them with communal housing． 53． The homeless with health problems should be given regular support in their daily lives． 54． Until recently American society has failed to see what homelessness is all about． 55． Many formerly homeless tenants in New York's Common Ground's residences got hired． Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage．
Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes． One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave \the cloud,\to be accessed as necessary? An increasingly powerful group within education are championing \． In their
view, skills beat knowledge, developing \content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory． But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won't help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates． If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, you're doing kids a disservice． Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge． Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically
challengeable: thinking well requires knowing facts, and that's true not only because you need something to think about． The very processes that teachers care about most--critical thinking processes—are intimately interwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-term memory．
In other words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn't mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump． There is no doubt that the students of today, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate, collaborate and evaluate．But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them． To innovate, you have to know what came before． To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture． And to evaluate, you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered．
So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts． First, acquire a base of factual
knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well． This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills, and it can't be outsourced (外包) to a search engine．
Second, take advantage of computers' invariable memory, but also the brain's elaborative memory．Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn't change． But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew． 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56． What is the author's concern about the use of technology? A． It may leave knowledge \． B． It may misguide our everyday behavior．
C． It may cause a divide in the circles of education． D． It may hinder the development of thinking skills．
57． What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy? A． It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will． B． It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge． C． It increases kid's efficiency of acquiring knowledge． D． It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts． 58． What does evidence from cognitive science show? A． Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory． B． Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge．
C． Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition． D． Critical thinking means challenging existing facts．
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