铝及铝合金焊接工艺的研究

Summary

Aluminum alloy has the good corrosion resistance, high strength and thermal conductivity than in low temperature and maintaining good mechanical properties, characteristics in aerospace, automotive, electrical, chemical industry, transportation, national defense, and other industrial department is widely used. Master of the aluminum alloy welding sex characteristics, welding operation technology, joint quality and performance, defect formation and the prevention measures, such as to correct formulation aluminum alloy welding technology, obtain good joint performance and expand the application range of the aluminum alloy has the very vital significance. Aluminum light weight and corrosion resistance is the performance of the two outstanding characteristics, the density of pure aluminum about 2.7 g/cm3, only a third of the iron, copper density; Aluminum and aluminum alloy surface into a layer of dense, effectively firm Al2O3 protective film, the protective coating only in halogen ion or alkali ions under the action of the fierce will destroyed, so has the very good resistance to atmospheric (including industrial atmosphere and ocean air) corrosion and corrosion, capable of water resistant to most of organic acid and corrosion [2]. The corrosion inhibitor, weak alkali corrosion resistance; The protection

measures, and may improve the aluminum alloy corrosion resistant performance. In the various brands of deformation in aluminum, aluminum aluminum and magnesium alloy aluminum manganese and stainless aluminum alloy, heat treatment, can't belong to strengthen, but than pure aluminum high strength and excellent corrosion resistance and welding properties.

目 录

1.1 铝合金的分类、成分和性能??????????????????? 1.2 铝合金的焊接性特点????????????????????? 2 铝合金的焊接方法和材料选用??????????????????? 2.1 铝合金的焊接方法??????????????????????? 2.2 铝用焊接材料????????????????????????? 3 铝合金焊接工艺????????????????????????? 3.1 铝合金的气焊????????????????????????? 3.2 铝合金的钨极氩弧焊（TIG焊）????????????????? 4 铸件补焊工艺??????????????????????? 4.1 铸件常规补焊工艺???????????????????????

5 铝和铝合金的焊接实例???????????????????? 6结束语????????????????????????????? 致谢 ??????????????????????????????? 参考文献??????????????????????????????

1.1铝合金的分类、成分和性能

（1）铝合金的分类

铝合金可分为变形铝合金（双分为非热处理强化铝合金、热处理强化铝合金两类）铸造铝合金。变形铝合金是指经不同的压力加工方法制成的板、带、管、型、条等半成品材料；铸造铝合金以合金铸锭供应。铝合金分类示意见图1-1。铝合金的分类及性能特点见表1-1。

按GB/T3190—1996

和

GB/T16474—1966的规定，铝合金牌号命名的基本原则是：可直接采用国际四位数字体系牌号。

四位字符牌号的第一位、第三位、第四位为阿拉伯数字，第二位为英文大写字母。2×××为Al－Cu系，3×××为Al－Mn系，4×××为Al－Si系，5×××为Al－Mg系，6×××为Al－Mg－Si系，7×××为Al－Zn系，8×××为Al－其他元素，9×××为Al－备用系。这样，我国变形铝合金的牌号表示法与国际上的通用方法基本一致。

表1.1 铝合金的分类及性能特点