2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅲ卷）
英语
第一部分：阅读理解 (共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节 (共15 小题 满分30 分〉
阅读下列短文 ，从每题所给的 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami (折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.) The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.) Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 2 12-967-7555.) On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gal1agher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross-country train journey. Scott El1is directs ,for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 2-7 1300
1. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?
A.A type of art. B. A teenager's studio. C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals 2. Who is the director of The Audience?
A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan. C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry
3 . Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A. Animals Out 0f Paper. B. The Audience. C. Hamilton.
D. On the Twentieth Century.
B
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative
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\no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,\company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable c10thing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics 美学 on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. \is impossible to overlook,\says Hill. \models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion - they are central to its movement.\Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China - some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. \Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs - and beating them hands down in design and sales,\
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. \so are the consumers,\she says. \is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China its influences, its direction, its breathtaking c1othes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.\ 4. What can we learn about the exhibition in York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors. C. It showed ancient Chinese c1othes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 5. What does HiIl say about Chinese women? A. They are setting the fashion.
B. They start many fashion campaigns. C. They admire super models.
D. They do business all over the world
6. What do the underlined words \ A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
C
Before he 1830s， most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $ 10 a year. Today $8 0 1' $10 seems a small amount of money,
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but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that
The trend, then, was toward the \widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place ,overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny - usually two or three cents was charged - and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase \soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for \of the early ventures (企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling
8. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential
9. What did street sales mean to newspapers? A. They would be priced higher. B. They would disappear from cities. C. They could have more readers. D. They could regain public trust.
10. Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at? A. Local politicians. B. Common people. C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen.
11. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper? A. It was a difficult process. B. It was a temporary success. C. It was a robber of the poor. D. It was a disaster for printers.
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D
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined - or added - the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers - 17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value - sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only action (小部分) of the smaller number to it.
\Dr. Livingstone says. \in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.\
12. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them? A. They fed them. B. They named them. C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
13 . How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment? A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen. C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
14. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys? A. They could perform basic addition. C. They could memorize numbers easily. B. They could understand simple words. D. They could hold their attention for long.
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15. ln which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Entertainment. B. Health.
C. Education. D. Science.
第二节 (共 5小题: 每小题 2分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 16 While 1 have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? 17 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before
asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning managem nt system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums (论坛)， blogs and other open-ended forums
for dialogue. 18 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses,
financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension simply explain the situation to the professor. 19
? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 20 When a
student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used ac ally says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A. That's what they are for.
B. Tum to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners. F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节 (共20小题1.5分，满分 30 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March 21 six months out of the year.
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