LTE DT测试指导书v1.0 - 图文

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LTE DT

测试指导书V1.0

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网络优化技术报告

目录

All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel. 1 DT测试理论基础 ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 LTE多天线技术简介 ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 TD智能天线广播波束赋形 ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 智能天线的基本功能 .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 智能天线基础——电磁场叠加原理和智能天线权值.................................................................................. 5 1.2.3 智能天线的特点 .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.4 智能天线广播波束与网络优化 ................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 理论吞吐率 ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 下行吞吐率 ............................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 上行吞吐率 ............................................................................................................................................... 13 1.4 信令流程 ........................................................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.1 系统消息解析............................................................................................................................................ 18 1.4.2 切换信令解析............................................................................................................................................ 28 2 路测常用仪器的使用和功能介绍 .................................................................................................................................... 39 2.1 惠捷朗（CDS） ................................................................................................................................................ 39 2.1.1 准备工作 ................................................................................................................................................... 39 2.1.2 软、硬件安装............................................................................................................................................ 39 2.1.3 CDS LTE软件测试设置说明 ..................................................................................................................... 40 2.1.4 CDS LTE测试操作说明............................................................................................................................. 44 2.1.5 附1：小区数据库导入及使用 .................................................................................................................. 45 2.2 JDSU扫频仪 ..................................................................................................................................................... 48 2.3 华星 48 2.4 鼎利 48

3 测试规范 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 48 4 测试流程与标准化............................................................................................................................................................ 48 4.1 单站验证 ........................................................................................................................................................... 48

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4.1.1 单站测试的目标 ........................................................................................................................................ 48

All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel. 4.1.2 单站优化前的注意事项............................................................................................................................. 49 4.1.3 单站优化的测试内容和方法 ..................................................................................................................... 50 4.2 测试流程 ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 4.2.1 宏站测试 ................................................................................................................................................... 50 4.2.2 室分测试 ................................................................................................................................................... 51 4.3 标准化 ............................................................................................................................................................... 53 4.4 区域优化与性能评估 ........................................................................................................................................ 56 5 优化经验与案例 ............................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.1 单站验证 ........................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.1.1 扇区接反 ................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.1.2 覆盖优化 ................................................................................................................................................... 62 5.1.3 干扰导致无法Attach .............................................................................................................................. 63 5.2 切换成功率优化 ................................................................................................................................................ 64 5.2.1 覆盖优化提升切换成功率 ......................................................................................................................... 64 5.2.2 参数优化避免乒乓切换............................................................................................................................. 65 5.2.3 未配置测量引起无法切换掉话 ................................................................................................................. 65 5.2.4 测量频点配置错误 .................................................................................................................................... 66 5.2.5 邻区关系缺失导致无法切换 ..................................................................................................................... 67

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All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel. 1 DT测试理论基础

1.1 LTE多天线技术简介

LTE的多天线技术分为天线分集、波束赋形、空分复用三种。

天线分集天线分集是指利用多天线间较低的无线信道的相关性，提供额外（发射或接收）的分集增益来对抗无线信道的衰落。可分为空间分集或极化分集。（提高是接收准确性）

波束赋型是指利用发射端或接收端的多组天线单元高相关性，通过一定的相位叠加形成特定波束，使目标方向上的天线增益最大，从而有效提高发射／接收的信噪比。（提高是抗干扰能力）

空分复用（MIMO）技术利用无线信道在多维空间的正交特性，在空口创建多条并行的信道，实现多数据流的同时传输。从而使空口的传输速率成倍提高。(提高是速率)

上述多天线技术给网络带来的增益大致分为：更好的覆盖（如波束赋形）和更高的速率（如空分复用）。

3GPP规范中定义的主要使用的传输模式包括以下几种： TM1:单天线端口传输：主要应用于单天线传输的场合。

TM2:发送分集模式：适合于小区边缘信道情况比较复杂，干扰较大的情况，有时候也用于高速的情况， 分集能够提供分集增益。

TM3:大延迟分集：适合于信道条件较好的场合，用于提供高的数据率传输。宏站

TM4:闭环空间复用：适合于信道条件较好的场合，用于提供高的数据率传输。室分

TM7:Port5的单流Beamforming模式：主要也是小区边缘，能够有效对抗干扰。3GPPS Release8 终端需要支持波束赋形这一块 TM7

TM8:双流Beamforming模式：可以用于小区边缘也可以应用于其他场景。

其中模式2为发射分集，模式3和4为空分复用MIMO技术，且支持模式内（发送分集和MIMO）自适应。模式7、8是单／双流波束赋形。原则上，3GPP对天线数目与所采用的传输模式没有特别的搭配要求。但在实际应用中2天线系统常用模式为模式2、3；而8天线系统常用模式为模式7、8。

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