定语从句精讲精练

定语从句精讲精练

定语从句（ I ) ― 由 that , which , who, whose 引导的定语从句 The Attributive Clanse ( I ) ( that , which , who , whose ) )

定义

定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，其作用相当于形容词。

先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句，连接主句与从句的连词叫关系词。关系词可分为关系代词（如 that , which , who , whose 等）和关系副词（如 where , when , why 等）两类。

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是修饰先行词必不可少的成分，去掉从句后句子的意义就不能成立或意思不清楚。非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说明，去掉从句后句子仍然可以成立。非限制性定语从句前一般用逗号将之与主句隔开。

A man who doesn't try to learn from others can't achieve much. （限制性定语从句） 不努力向别人学习的人是不能取得很大的成功的。

This note was left by Mary，who was here a moment ago . （非限制性定语从句） 这个纸条是玛丽亚留的，她刚刚还在这里。 关系代词 that , which , who , whose 的用法 基本用法

【 注意 】 ① 定语从句中的谓语应与关系代词所指代的先行词在人称和数上保持一致 Is she the girl who / that sells flowers ? 她是卖花的那个女孩吗？ ② one of ＋复数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词的复数形式； the (on ly) one of ＋复

数名词＋关系代词＋谓语动词的单数形式

Mr .Smith is one of the foreign experts who are teaching in China . 史密斯先生是在中国教书的外国专家之一。

Tom is the only one of the students who has leamed French．汤姆是唯一学过发语的学生.

关系代词的选用

只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况：

1 ）先行词为 all , much , little , few , none , sometning , anything , everything , nothing , the one 等不定代词

I mean the one that you bought yesterday . 我指的是你昨天买的那个。 2 ）先行词被 all , every, no , some , any , little , much 等修饰时。

You may take home any of these books that you like . 你可以将这些书中你喜欢的任意一本带回家。

3 ）先行词是数词或被序数词（含 last ）、形容词最高级修饰时。 Look at the pictures ! You can see the two ( that ) you gaveme · 看看那些画！你可以看到你送我的那两幅。 This 15 the best novel that 1 have ever read . 这是我看过的最好的一本小说。

4 ）先行词被the only , the very, the right , just the , the same 等修饰时。 This is the same watch that I lost yesterday . 这正是我昨天丢失的那块表。 5 ）主句有疑问词 who , which , what 时。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate ? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 6 ）先行词既有人又有物时。

We talked about the persons and things that we could remember · 我们谈论我们所能够记得的一些人、一些事。

7 ）在以“ there be ”、“ here be ”结构开头的句子中，修饰其主语的定语从句的关系代词用 that.

There is a seat in the corner that is still free . 那边角落还有一个空着的座位。 8 ）如果一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了 which ，为了避免重复，另外一个用 that .

Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before · 爱迪生建了一个工厂，生产那些人们从未见过的东西.

只用 which 不用 that 的几种情况：

l ）在“介词十关系代词”结构中，先行词是物时。

The tool with which he is working is called a wrench . 他工作时用的工具叫扳手。 2 ）先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中只用 which ，不用 that.

He had failed in the math exam , which made his father very angry．他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。

3 ）先行词本身是 that 或句子中已经有 that 时。

What I want to say is that which is the best . 我想知道哪一个最好。

只用 who 不用 that 的情况：

1 ）先行词是 one , ones , an yone 代指人的时候。

Anyone who witnessed saw the accident should phone the police . 任何目击到该事故发生的人都应该打电话给警察 2 ）先行词为 those 代指人时

Those who know the answer please raise your hands . 知道答案的人请举手.

[have a try] (A.)单项选择

1. Look out ! Don ' t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair . A . whose B . which C . where D . that

2. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running , ________meant spending tens of thousands of pounds . A.who B. that C . as D . which

3. Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a grater chance of having heart disease than those_________ do not .

A . Who; that B . / ; who C . that ; that D . Who;who

4. . This is the very one of the most interesting films _______shown last week . A . which was B . that was C . whlch were D . that were

5. There is much chance______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race . A . if B . whlch C . untll D . that\\

6. The teacher tells us that ______ cleans the blackboard is to be praised . A . that B . the one C . which D . the one who 7. Who is the student_________ was late for school today ? A . that B . whlch C . who D . / .

8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park , and _________parents were seated together joking .

A . their B . whose C . whlch D . That

Key:1 一5 ADDBD 6 一 8 DAA

(B.)用 that , w hich , who, whom 或 whose 填空。

1. Do you still remember the chicken farm_______________we visited three months ago ?

2. The room___________ window faces north is my sister 's.

3. Her sister has become a lawyer, _____________was always her dream .

4. The boy you're talking about is the one _________ helped the blind woman cross the road .

5. In an hour , we can travel to places ___________would have taken our ancesters davs to reach .

6. 一 Is that the small town you refer to ?

一 Right , it's the one___________ I used to live in years ago . 7. 一 Do you have anything to say for yourselves ?

一 Yes , there is one point ___________we must insist on. 8. Is this the man ___________you saw just now ?

Key:

定语从句（ 11 )

― 由 where , when , why ，介词＋ which/whom 引导的定语从句

The Attributive Clause ( 11 ) ( where , when , why , prep . + whlch / whom )

由关系副词 where , when , why 引导的定语从句

1. 由 when 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词，作定语从句的时间状语。 The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life . 第一次见到纳尔逊.曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。

2. 关系副词 where 的先行词是表地点的词或是有地点含义的抽象名词，在定语从句中作地点状语。

The school where Elias studied for two years was three kilometers away · 伊莱亚斯就读了两年的学校有三公里远。

Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all . 直到今天，我们已经到了几乎什么权利都没有的地步。

3. 关系副词 why 的先行词只有 reason ，在定语从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got the job was that I worked hard ． 我获得了这份工作是因为我勤奋。 注意：应该根据定语从句中所缺的成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，即关系词在从句中作主语、宾语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。

What is the reason Why you were late ？

你迟到的原因是什么？ ( why 在从句中作原因状语） what is the reason that you told him ？

你告诉他的理由是什么？ ( that 在从句中作宾语）

由“介词＋ whichlwhom ”引导的定语从句

1.“介词＋ which ”引导的定语从句相当于关系副词 where , when 和 why 引导的定语从句，在限制性定语从句中常交替使用。 He was generous with his time , for which I was grateful . 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激

Is this the house in which ( = where ) Mr . Green lived four years ago ? 这间是格林先生四年前住的房子吗？

This was at a time during which ( = when ) there were no radios , no telephones or no TV sets .

这是没有收音机、电话和电视的一段时间。

The reason for which ( = why ) he fell sick was not clear ． 他生病的原因不明。

2.“介词十 whom ”通常指人

Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice .