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more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking. Even where the state does pretty well, as in East Asia, richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus, Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD’s PISA test, also has the fastest-growing private education.
③ In most ways, this is an excellent thing, because the world is getting more and better schooling.
……○ __○_…__…_…___……__…：…号…订考_订_…___……___……___……：级…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…装姓装_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○学○……………………外内……………………○○……………………In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are better---and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms of learning outcomes per rupee, private schools were between 1.5 times and 29 times more cost-effective than state schools.
④ They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances. That is one reason why many governments are troubled by their rise.
Governments are right to worry about private education’s contribution to inequality, but they are wrong to discourage its growth. Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking(模仿) the private education’s virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers.
To spread the benefit of private schools more widely, governments should work with them, paying for education through vouchers(代金券) which children can spend in private schools. And vouchers should be limited to students in non-selective schools that do not charge top-up fees; otherwise governments will find themselves helping the better off and increasing inequality.
The world faces plenty of problems. Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions. 45．What do we know about private education? A．More developed countries enjoy it. B．It attracts more and more investment. C．Public education will replace it in the future.
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D．It has helped governments to remove inequality
46．What does the underlined phrase“taking up the slack” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Filling the gap. C．Breaking the balance.
B．Setting the place. D．Avoiding the risk.
47．Why has private education been developing rapidly in Vietnam? A．The population in Vietnam is shrinking dramatically. B．Its state education is worse than other developing countries. ………线…………○………… C．Some people want better education for their children than others. D．The government intends private education to shape young minds.
48．The sentence “But private schools also increase inequality.” can be put in . A．①
B．②
C．③
D．④
49．What does the author advise governments to do? A．Train school principals. B．Sell vouchers to children. C．learn from private education.
D．Fire underperforming teachers.
50．What’s the author’s opinion about private education? A．Private education should be based on state education. B．Private education should be targeted at well-off families. C．Governments should prevent the spread of private education. D．Governments should celebrate the popularity of private education.
第II卷（非选择题)
请点击修改第II卷的文字说明 评卷人 得分 四、任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Communication Principles
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate.“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”.Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them.But every day we experience the
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centrality of our selves in communication.A student.for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions.and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class.”The teacher might say the opposite.Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong.
The concept of serf originates in communication.Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others.You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you.Positive，negative，and ……○ __○_…__…_…___……__…：…号…订考_订_…___……___……___……：级…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…装姓装_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○学○……………………外内……………………○○……………………neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are.Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process.Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people.In a more obvious way.communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self.
Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life.If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior.Even if the other person did not intend a message for you.you gather observations and draw specific conclusions.A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message.A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you.A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you.We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.
More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement.You may have made a joke out of your rude statement.Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind.You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others.Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated.When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right.Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results.
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Paragraph Supporting Details outline Communica●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages. tion begins with the self ●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles. Communica●Messages from others help you53． who you are. ●we are always 51． in communication with others. ………线…………○………… tion 52． others ●Needs and54． of others should be considered. ●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world. Communica●We are always56．other people by observing even if they do not intend tion any message for you. 55． everywhere ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’ 57． . ●We are constantly58． meanings by what we do. Communica●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot59． what tion cannot be remains in the other person’s mind. reversed nor ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you60． achieve the same results. repeated 评卷人 得分 五、开放性作文
61．请阅读下面内容，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 P= professor; S=students (In a philosophy class)
P: We all have this one life to live. A fleeting shadow amongst all that exists in this vast universe. We have the ability to accomplish anything, truly anything, if we use our time wisely. P: (putting some golf balls into the jar) Is this jar full? S: Yes.
P: (after add some pebbles into the jar) Is it full now?
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