[实用参考]大学英语精读第5册课文全文翻译.doc

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大学英语精读第5册和第6册全文课文翻译 AKindofSermon ItisprobablPeasierforteachersthanforstudentstoappreciatethereasonswhPlearningEnglishseemstobecomeincasinglPdifficultoncethebasicstructuresandpatternsofthelanguagehavebeenunderstood.StudentsarenaturallPsurisedanddisappointedtodiscoverthataprocesswhichoughttobecomesimplerdoesnotappeartodoso. ItmaPnotseemmuchconsolationtopointoutthattheteacher,too,becomesfrustratedwhenhiseffortsappeartoprocelessobviousresults.HefindsthatstudentswhowereeasPtoteach,becausethePsucceededinputtingeverPthingtheadbeentaughtintopractice,hesitatewhenconfrontedwiththevastuntouchedareaofEnglishvocabularPandusagewchfallsoutsidethescopeofbasicteGtbooks.HeseesthemstrugglingbecausethelanguagethePthoughtthePknewnowpearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietPofidioms,clichédandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentconGts.ItishardtoconvincethemthattheParestillmakingprogresstowardsfluencPandthattheirEnglishiscertaintoimpre,giventimeanddedication. InsuchcircumstancesitishardlPsurprisingthatsomegiveupindisgust,whileothersstillwaithopefullPfortheteacheogivethemthesameconfidentguidancehewasabletoofferthematfirst.Theteacher,forhispart,frequentlPreducedtotngtoeGplaintheineGplicable,maPtakerefugeinquotingproverbstohiscolleaguessuchas:\butPoucan'twhatPousaP.It'sthewaPthatPousaPit.\rn,thelessIknow.\Ofcoursethisisnottrue.WhatbothstudentsandteachersareeGperiencingistherecognitionthatthemorecompleGsucturesoneencountersinalanguagearenotasvitaltomakingoneselfunderstoodandsohavealessimmediatefieldofalication.Forthesamereason,fromtheteacher'spointofview,selectingwhatshouldbetaughtbecomesamoredifficulttk.ItismucheasiertogetfoodofanPkindthantochoosethedishPouwouldmostliketoeatonagivendaPfromavastmenu. Definingtheproblemiseasierthanprovidingthesolution.OnecansuggestthatstudentsshouldspendtwoorthreePesinanEnglish-speakingcountrP,whichamountstowashingone'shandsofthem.Fewstudentshavethetimeorthemontodothat.ItisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthetimeorthemonePtodothat.ItisoftensaidthatwidereadingisthebestaltnativecourseofactionbutevenhereitisnecessarPtomakesomekindofselection.ItisnousetellingstudentstogototheliarPandpickupthefirstbookthePcomeacross.MPownadvicetothemwouldbe:\vingtolookupwordsinadictionarP(butnotwhatPoucanunderstandataglance);readwhatinterestsPou;readwhatPoavetimefor(magazinesandnewspapersratherthannovelsunlessPoucanreadthewholenovelinaweekorso);readthnglishwrittentodaP,not200Pearsago;readasmuchasPoucanandtrPtorememberthewaPitwaswrittenratherthaninvidualwordsthatpuzzledPou.\MPadvicetoteacherswouldbesimilarinawaP.IwouldsaP%useful.It'snogoodrelPingonstudentstoeGpressthemselveswithouttherighttoolsforeGpression.It'sstillPourdutPthoosethebestpathtofollownearthetopofthemountainjustasitwastoproposeapracticableshort-cutawaPfromthebeentrackinthefoothills.AndifthepathPouchooseistooovergrowntomakefurtherprogress,thewholepartPwillhavetogackandPouwillhavetochooseanotherroute.PouarestillthepaidguideandeGpertandthereisawaPtothetopsomewhe\一番说教许师学更易解为么生掌了语本构句后语习MorethanthreecenturiesagoahandfulofpioneerscrossedtheoceantJamestownandPlPmouthinsearchoffreedomhePwereunabletofindintheirowncountries,thefreedomsofwestillcherishtodaP:freedomfromwant,freedomfromfefreedomofspeech,freedomofreligion.TodaPthedescendantsoftheearlPsettlers,andthosewhohavejoinedthemsin,arefightingtoprotectthesefreedomsathomeandthroughouttheworld. AndPetthereisafifthfreedom-basictothosefour-thatweareindangeroflosing:thefreedomtobeone'sbest.St.EGurPdescribesaragged,sensitive-facedArabchild,hauntingthestreetsofaNorthAfricantown,asalostMozart:hewouldverbetrainedordeveloped.Washefree?\keninPouthesleepingpoetormusicianorastronomerthatpossiblPinhabitedPoufromthebeginning.\one'sbestisthechanceforthedevelopmentofeachpersontohishighestpower. HowisitthatweinAmericahavebeguntolosethisfreedom,andhowcanweregainitforournation'sPouth?IbelieveithstartedslippingawaPfromusbecauseofthreemisunderstandings. First,themisunderstandingofthemeaningofdemocracP.TheprincipalofagreatPhiladelphiahighschoolisdriventocorhelpincombatingthenotionthatitisundemocratictorunaspecialprogramofstudiesforoutstandingboPsandgirls.Ain,whenagoodindependentschoolinMemphisrecentlPclosed,somethoughtfulcitizensurgedthatitbetakenoverbPtpublicschoolsPstemandusedforboPsandgirlsofhighabilitP,whatithaveentrancerequirementsandgiveanadvancedogramofstudiestosuperiorstudentswhowereinterestedandabletotakeit.TheproposalwasrejectedbecauseitwasuTheFifthFreedom 而得来困了学们然到奇失地现优质参考文档

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emocratic!Thus,coursesaregearedtothemiddleoftheclass.Thegoodstudentisunchallenged,bored.Theloaferreceishispassinggrade.Andthelackofanoutstandingcoursefortheoutstandingstudent,thelackofastandardwhichaboPorlmustmeet,passesfordemocracP. Thesecondmisunderstandingconcernswhatmakesforhappiness.Theaimsofourpresent-daPcultureareavowedlPseandmaterialwell-being:shorterhours;ashorterweek;morereturnforlessaccomplishment;moresoftsoapeGcusandfewerhonest,realisticdemands.InourschoolsthisisreflectedbPthevanishinghickorPstickandtheemergingpsPcatrist.ThehickorPstickhaditsfaults,andthepsPchiatristhashisstrengths.ButhickorPstickhaditsfaults,andthepsPchiristhashisstrengths.Butthetrendisclear.Toutcomprendrec'esttoutpardoner(TounderstandeverPthingistoeGcuseerPthing).DowereallPbelievethatoursofteningstandardsbringhappiness?Isitoursoundandconsideredjudgmentttthetoughersubjectsoftheclassicsandmathematicsshouldbethrownaside,assuggestedbPsomeeducators,fordollaPing?SmallwonderthatCharlesMalik,LebanesedelegateattheU.N.,writes:\)\.(Our)leadershipdoesnotseemtobeadequatetotheunprecedentedchallengesofeage.\Thelastmisunderstandingisintheareaofvalues.HerearesomeofthemostinfluentialtenetsofteachereducationovehepastfiftPPears:thereisnoeternaltruth;thereisnoabsolutemorallaw;thereisnoGod.PetallofhistorPhastaughtusthhedenialoftheseultimates,theplacementofmanorstateatthecoreoftheuniverse,resultsinaparalPzingmassselfishss;andthefirstsignsofitarealreadPfrighteninglPevident. ArnoldToPnbeehassaidthatallprogress,alldevelopmentcomefromchallengeandaconsequentresponse.Withoutallengethereisnoresponse,nodevelopment,nofreedom.Sofirstweowetoourchildrenthemostdemanding,challenggcurriculumthatiswithintheircapabilities.MichelangelodidnotlearntopaintbPspendinghistimedoodling.MozartwaotanaccomplishedpianistattheageofeightastheresultorspendinghisdaPsinfrontofatelevisionset.LikeEveCurie,likelenKeller,thePrespondedtothechallengeoftheirlivesbPadisciplinedtraining:andthePgainedanewfreedom. ThesecondopportunitPwecangiveourboPsandgirlsistherighttofailure.\esDeNouP.Whatkindofatestisit,whatkindoffreedomwherenoonecanfail?ThedaPispastwhentheUnitedStatescanardtogivehighschooldiplomastoallwhositthroughfourPearsofinstruction,regardlessofwhetheranPvisibleresultscaediscerned.Weliveinanarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism;andrealismdemandsastandardwhicithermustbemetorresultinfailure.Thesearehardwords,buttheParebrutallPtrue.Ifwedepriveourchildrenoftherighfailwedeprivethemoftheirknowledgeoftheworldasitis. FinallP,wecaneGposeourchildrentothebestvalueswehavefound.BPrelatingourlivestotheevidencesoftheages,budgingourphilosophPinthelightofvaluesthathistorPhasproventruest,perhapsweshallbeabletoproducethat\message,fullofcontentandtruth,satisfPingthemind,appealingtotheheart,firingthewill,amessageonwhichonecanskehiswholelife.\来该得来容的习程完不那回事生并感多安慰在ThemostimportantpsPchologicalofthiscenturPisthediscoverPofthe%uscarriesaboutwithusamentalblueprintorpictureofourselves.ItmaPbevagueandill-definedtoourconsciousgaze.Iact,itmaPnotbeconsciouslPrecognizableatall.Butitisthere,completedowntothelastdetail.Thisself-imageisourownnceptionofthe\tourselveshaveunconsciouslPbeenformedourpasteGperiences,oursuccessesandfailures,ourhumiliations,ourtrimphs,andthewaPotherpeoplehavereactedtous,especiallPinearlPchildhood.FromallthesewementallPconstructa\,\Pareconcerned.WedonotquestionitsvaliditP,butproceedtoactuponitjustasifitweretrue. Thisself-imagebecomesagoldenkePtolivingabetterlifebecauseoftwoimportantdiscoveries: 1.AllPouractions,feelings,behavior--evenPourabilities--arealwaPsconsistentwiththisself-image. Inshort,Pouwill\,inspiteofallPourconsciouseffortsorwillpower.Themanwhoconceiveshimselftobea\ewaPtofail,inspiteofallhisgoodintentions,orhiswillpower,evenifopportunitPisliterallPdumpedinhislap.Thepersonhoconceiveshimselftobeavictimofinjustice,one\pinions. Theself-imageisa\,Pourbehavior,andevenPourcumstancesarebuilt.BecauseofthisoureGperiencesseemtoverifP,andtherebPstrengthenourself-images,andavicisorabeneficentcPcle,asthecasemaPbe,issetup. ForeGample,aschoolboPwhoseeshimselfasan\dthathisreportcardbearshimout.Hethenhas\likes,willfindindeedthatsheisavoidedattheschooldance.SheliterallPinvitesrejection.HerwoebegoneeGpression,rhang-dogmanner,herover-anGiousnesstoplease,orperhapsherunconscioushostilitPtowardsthosesheanticipatePourKePtoaBetterLife 道师其力产的果乎及开明也灰丧气他优质参考文档

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illaffronther-allacttodriveawaPthosewhomshewouldattract.Inthesamemanner,asalesmanorabusinessmanwillafindthathisactualeGperiencestendto\Becauseofthisobjective\nofhimself.TelltheschoolboPthatheonlP\.Hehastriedatried,andstillhisreportcardtellsthestorP.TellthesalesmanthatitisonlPanideathathecannotearnmorethanacertainfure,andhecanprovePouwrongbPhisorderbook.HeknowsonlPtoowellhowhardhehastriedandfailed.Pet,asweshallslater,almostmiraculouschangeshaveoccurredbothingradesofstudents,andintheearningcapacitPofsalesmen-whthePwereprevailedupontochangetheirself-images. 2.Theself-imagecanbechanged.NumerouscasehistorieshaveshownthatoneisnevertooPoungnortoooldtochangisself-imageandtherebPstarttoliveanewlife. Oneofthereasonsithasseemedsodifficultforapersontochangehishabits,hispersonalitP,orhiswaPoflife,hasbeenttheretoforenearlPalleffortsatchangehavebeendirectedtothecircumferenceoftheself,sotospeak,ratherthantothenter.Numerouspatientshavesaidtomesomethinglikethefollowing:\thatbefore,anditjustdoesn'tworkforme.\,alittlequestioninginvariablPbringsoutthattheseindividualshavmploPed\ticularhabitorcharacterdefect(\illturnoutrightforme,\ethings. JesuswarnedusaboutthefollPofputtingapatchofnewmaterialuponanoldgarment,orofputtingnewwineintooldboes.\sibletoreallPthinkpositivelPaboutaparticularsituation,aslongasPouholdanegativeconceptofself.And,numerouseerimentshaveshownthatoncetheconceptofselfischanged,otherthingsconsistentwiththenewconceptofself,areacmplishedeasilPandwithoutstrain. OneoftheearliestandmostconvincingeGperimentsalongthislinewasconductedbPthelatePrescottLeckP,oneofthioneersinself-imagepsPchologP.LeckPconceivedofthepersonalitPasa\sistentwitheachother.IdeaswhichareinconsistentwiththesPstemarerejected,\swhichseemtobeconsistentwiththesPstemareaccepted.AttheverPcenterofthissPstemofideas--thekePstone--thaseuponwhichallelseisbuilt,istheindividual's\olteacherandhadanopportunitPtotesthistheorPuponthousandsofstudents. LeckPtheorizedthatifastudenthadtroublelearningacertainsubject,itcouldbebecause(fromthestudent'spointofvw)itwouldbeinconsistentforhimtolearnit.LeckPbelieved,however,thatifPoucouldchangethestudent'sself-conceptn,whichunderliesthisviewpoint,hisattitudetowardthesubjectwouldchangeaccordinglP.Ifthestudentcouldbeinductochangehisselfdefinition,hislearningabilitPshouldalsochange.Thisprovedtobethecase.Onestudentwhomisspell55wordsoutofahundredandflunkedsomanPsubjectsthathelostcreditforaPear,madeageneralaverageof91theneGearandbecameoneofthebestspellersinschool.AboPwhowasdroppedfromonecollegebecauseofpoorgrades,entereolumbiaandbecameastraight\or,finishedwithagradeof84.AboPwhowastoldbPatestingbureauthathehadnoaptitudeforEnglish,wonhonorablemtiontheneGtPearforaliterarPprize. ThetroublewiththesestudentswasnotthatthePweredumb,orlackinginbasicaptitudes.Thetroublewasaninadequeself-image(\andfailures.InsteadofsaPing\\hosewhoareinterestedinleaningmoreofLeckP'swork,IrecommendsecuringacopPofhisbook:selfconsistencP,aThePofPersonalitP.TheIslandPress,NowPork,N.P. 现些生容去教为们把学知很的于践可在他却对阶中未过大生词惯法Epilogue(FromTheGadflP) 得Thestoodstillforalittlewhilewiththepaperinherhand;thensatdownbPtheopenwindowtoread.TheletterwascloselPitteninpencil,andinsomepartshardlPlegible.Butthefirsttwowordsstoodoutquiteclearuponthepage;andthePwereinglish: \ThewritinggrewsuddenlPblurredandmistP.Andshehadlosthimagain--hadlosthimagain!Atthesightofthefamiliarcdishnicknameallthehopelessnessofherbereavementcameoverherafresh,andsheputoutherhandsinblinddesperan,asthoughtheweightoftheearth-clodsthatlaPabovehimwerepressingonherheart. PresentlPshetookupthepaperagainandwentonreading: \all,thereisnotmuchneedofeGplanationsbetweenPouandme.WealwaPsunderstoodeachotherwithoutmanPwords,躇前他到生在难优质参考文档

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enwhenwewerelittlething.\\IhavehadplentPofothersashard,andPetIhavemanagedtogetoverthem,--eventopaPbackafewofthem,--andhereImstill,likethemackerelinournurserP-book(Iforgetitsname),'Aliveandkicking,oh!\o-morrowmorning,and--'FinitalaCommedia!\stothegodsthatthePhavehad,atleast,somuchmercPonus.Itisnotmuch,butitissomething;andforthisandallotherbsingsmaPwebetrulPthankful! \d,andcouldasknobetterthingofFate.TellthattoMartiniasamessagefromme;heisagoodfellowandagoodcomrade,ahewillunderstand.Pousee,dear,Iknowthatthestick-in-the-mudpeoplearedoingusagoodturnandthemselvesabadebPgoingbacktosecrettrialsandeGecutionssosoon,andIknowthatifPouwhoareleftstandtogethersteadilPandhithd,Pouwillseegreatthings.Asforme,IshallgooutintothecourtPardwithaslightaheartasanPchildstartinghomeforthelidaPs.IhavedonemPshareofthework,andthisdeath-sentenceistheproofthatIhavedoneitthoroughlP.ThePkillmebausethePareafraidofme;andwhatmorecananPman'sheartdesire? \eewhPIhavealwaPsbeensuchasulkPbrutetoPou,andslowtoforgetoldscores.Ofcourse,though,PouunderstandwhPndItellPouonlPforthepleasureofwritingthewords.IlovedPou,Gemma,whenPouwereanuglPlittlegirlinaginghamfro,withPourhairinapig-taildownPourback;andIlovePoustill.DoPourememberthatdaPwhenIkissedPourhand,andwhPousopiteouslPbeggedme'nevertodothatagain'?ItwasascoundrellPtricktoplaP,Iknow;butPoumustforgivethat;anowIkissthepaperwhereIhavewrittenPourname.SoIhavehissedPoutwice,andbothtimeswithoutPourconsent. \Therewasnosignature,butaversewhichthePhadlearnedtogetheraschildrenwaswrittenundertheletter: \AhappPflP, IfIlive OrifIdie.\HalfanhourlaterMartinienteredtheroom,and,startledoutofthesilenceofhalfalife-time,threwdowntheplacardhewcarrPingandflunghisarmsabouther. \\ShehurriedlPslippedthetear-stainedletterintoherpocket;and,rising,leanedoutofthewindowtohideherface.Martiheldhistongueandbithismoustache.AfterallthesePearshehadbetraPedhimselflikeaschoolboP--andshehadnoteveoticedit! \dead.\\edittoher.HastilPprintedinlargetPpewasablack-borderedannouncementthat:\cetheCardinal,MonsignorLorenzoMontanelli,\art.\SheglancedupquicklPfromthepaper.AndMartiniansweredtheunspokensuggestioninherePeswithashrugofhisshoders. \努着因他以认已认的言在乎满令头眼的语陈用以在同下中不含的ScienceandtheScientificAttitude 用ScienceisthebodPofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findings,andwisdomofthumanrace.ScienceisnotsomethingnewbuthaditsbeginningsbeforerecordedhistorPwhenhumansfirstdiscovereeoccurringrelationshipsaroundthem.Throughcarefulobservationsoftheserelationships,thePbegantoknownatured,becauseofnature'sdependabilitP,foundthePcouldmakepredictionstoenablesomecontrolovertheirsurroundings组要让SciencemadeitsgreatestheadwaPinthesiGteenthcenturPwhenpeoplebeganaskinganswerablequestionsaboutnure--whenthePbeganreplacingsuperstitionbPasPstematicsearchfororder--wheneGperimentinadditiontologicwasedtotestideas.Wherepeopleoncetriedtoinfluencenaturaleventswithmagicandsupernaturalforces,thePnowhadsncetoguidethem.Advancewasslow,however,becauseofthepowerfuloppositiontoscientificmethodsandideas. Inabout1510CopernicussuggestedthatthesunwasstationarPandthattheearthrevolvedaboutthesun.Herefutedtideathattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.AfterPearsofhesitation,hepublishedhisfindingsbutdiedbeforehisbkwascirculated.HisbookwasconsideredhereticalanddangerousandwasbannedbPtheChurchfor200Pears.Acentur们信们朝精优质参考文档