八年级英语语法详解
重难点知识讲解：形容词的比较级和最高级
一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其
中比较级表示“更??”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更??”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
二、比较级的构成：
（1）规则变化：
①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter ②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger ③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter ⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important （2）不规则变化：
少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder 三、比较级的用法:
(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级
1． 表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。 公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B Eg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。 2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。 公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B Eg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。 2． 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B… A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B… Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。 (二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法
1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更?”，“?得?”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。 Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。 想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。 This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。 He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。
0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。 4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”， The more，the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。 5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother.
五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
(一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。
Eg He is more careful than I (me). (二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.
形容词比较级练习题
（一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级形式： long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____ heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____ brightly______ -___bably _____ _______ far____ _____ quickly _____ ____ happy_____ -______ unhappy________ good _____ _____bad _____ ______ well _____ _____
badly _____ ______ ill _____ ______ little _____ ______ many _____ ______ much _____ ______ (二)用所给词的正确形式填空： 1.Which is _______ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth? 2.Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one? 3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
4. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 5. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
6 .In Changchun,the Jing Yue Forest Park is much____(clean)than that in the center of the city.
7. It makes____(little)time to go to Beijing by plane than by train 8. Mum,this T-shirt is much too small for me.Would you buy me a____(large)one?
9. ___(few)children there are in a family,____(good)their life will be.
10. Now China has jioned WTO,so I think English is____(useful)than before. 11.BookII is____(different)than BookIV. 12.The weather is getting____and____(cold). 13.The____(much),the____(good).
14.The____(much)you pratice,the____(easy)it becomes
15.Your classroom is (wide)and (bright)than ours.
16.There are (few)hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer. 17.Which do you like (well),maths or chemistry? 18.I’m not as (careful)as he. 19.Pratice as (much)as you can. 20.They have done (much)work with (little)money. 21.He is (young)than his two sisters. 22.The weather is getting (warm)and (warm). 23.The patient is no (well)than before.
24.You are far (polite)than you were. 25.I can do it well with even (little)money. 26.Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever) 27.Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁). 29. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
30. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
三，单项选择题
1 ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. well B. better C. good D. quite better 2.The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
3. Bob never does his homework_____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as 4.Now air in our town is ____than it used to be. Something must be done to it. A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse 5.A horse is __ than a dog.
A.much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier D.more heavy 6.Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than XiaoChen does. A.little B less C. few D. fewer 7． He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 8. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 9. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 10 They competed（比赛） to see who could work _____. A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better
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