新东方名师-非谓语动词

什么叫分词？

分词就是用动词的V-ing和V-ed形式，在句子中起形容词和副词的作用，可以充当表语、定语、状语、补语等。由于其出现频率最高的作用就是作定语和状语，因此，分词可以作为简化定语从句和状语从句的重要手段。

我将学到什么？

1. V-ing分词和V-ed分词的 句子成分和作用 2. V-ing分词和V-ed分词的 区别

3. V-ing分词和V-ed分词 和其他句型的转换

V-ing分词

V-ing分词也叫现在分词，通常具有主动意义。 1． 现在分词充作定语 【例句】： That is a smiling face in the picture.

This is a sleeping boy . That is a flying bird.

【要点】：分词作定语时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 【特别提示】：现在分词和动名词做定语的区别

a swimming fish a swimming pool growing pains growing children

A sleeping boy is sleeping in the sleeping car.

2.现在分词做表语 【例句】： The film is very moving.

The present situation is encouraging. What he told us is greatly shocking. 【要点】：现在分词作表语时表示主语的性质特征。 【特别提示】：现在分词和动名词做表语的区别

The clown’s performance is amusing.

The only thing he did in bed was thinking.

3.现在分词做状语

1）V-ing短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、伴随动作、方式、结果等意义。 【例句】：

Seeing the teacher entering the classroom, the

students stood up.

Being a teacher, you should be patient.

The children went away laughing and whistling.

2) V-ing的一般式常表示同时发生的动作，而常用V-ing的完成式来表示先发生的动作。 【例句】：

Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs

for breakfast.

请对比：Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs.

思考：现在分词做状语，分词动作的主语和主句的主语有什么特殊之处？

对比：When playing in the garden, a snake bit me.

When playing in the garden, I was bitten by a snake.

必须掌握的一些特殊结构： There is no use (in) doing … There is no hurry (in) doing …

be busy (late, weary ) (in) doing …

busy (employ, occupy) oneself (in) doing… spend (waste) time (money) (in) doing ….

have trouble (hard time, difficulty, good time) (in) doing …. be employed, engaged, occupied (in) doing….

4、 现在分词做宾补

常跟V-ing作宾语补足语的动词:

see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, find, keep, leave, get, want 【例句】：

I saw him rushing out of the room. Can you get the machine going again? I heard the girl singing an English song.

思考：V-ing作宾补和to do作宾补有什么不同？

V-ed 分词

V-ed分词也叫过去分词，通常表被动和完成意义。

1、 ed分词做表语

She looked so disappointed after receiving the bad news. My grandfather was excited every time when he saw me.

提示：已经完全成为形容词的-ed分词。

alarmed amazed amused bored conceited civilized distinguished educated embarrassed excited exhausted frightened hurried interested pleased relaxed satisfied shocked unexpected tired

2、 ed 分词作定语

This is an unexpected ending.

This problem left over by history is to be settled. 特别注意： （1） ed分词做前臵定语时通常表性质和特点，做后臵定语时通

常表动作。

a developed country a hand-made table a book suggested an essay written （2） 有些ed分词前臵后臵时意思相差较大

the people involved

an involved explanation the book given to her a given time and place. all parties concerned

a concerned look on his face

难点点拨：V-ed的分词构成的合成形容词

man-made fibers =fibers made by man

=fibers which are made by man state-owned enterprises

=enterprises owned by the states

=enterprises which are owned by the states a well-lighted room

=a room which is well-lighted

试分析下列分词的特点： one-eyed horse, two-faced man, three-legged table, level-headed man

3、ed分词做宾补

）放在表示感觉和心理状态的动词 see, hear, find, feel, think后面

She felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light. I found her greatly changed.

2) 放在表示“致使”意义的动词make, get, have, keep后面

On these questions we have made our views known. Let’s have the more difficult questions answered first. Our monitor always keeps us informed of the latest

news.

3) 放在表示“希望”，“要求”等意义的动词like, want, wish, order后面

I want none of you involved in the scandal (丑闻)。 He ordered such an untrustworthy employee fired.

4、ed分词做状语