C. The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions. D. Both boy and girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions. （2）Which of the following is Not true?
A. Girls' scores are lower than boys on SATs. B. Girls control classroom discussion in reading while boys in maths.
C. Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths. D. Boys are more confident in calling out answers to catching the teachers' attention.
（3）The factors that contribute to the students' effective learning are the following except__________.
A. The students can take an active part in the classroom discussion B. The students do it themselves
C. Teachers can give students specific and direct feedback the quality of their work and answers D. Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments 【答案】（1）D （2）B （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。要想学有所获，必须积极参与其中互动。男生比女生更加积极地参与课堂互动，因此获得老师更多的直接指导，这使得他们的能力得到培养，个性也得到张扬，所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地位。女性要想获得同等的地位，应该从积极参与课堂互动开始。
（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，许多研究表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对上学持更积极的态度，积极的态度促进学习。女生在课堂讨论中更被动，在SAT考试中得分低于男生，这不是巧合。因此推断作者说“教育不是旁观者的活动”是为了表明男孩和女孩都应该积极参与课堂讨论。故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention.”可知，我们的研究违背了传统的假设，即女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。我们发现，无论是语言艺术和英语，还是数学和科学，男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。因此女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning.”可知，A项“学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论”是对的；根据第四段的“Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. ”可知，多年的经验表明，最好的学习方法是自己去做。给学生关于他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。 故B、C都是有利的因素；而D项“学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论 ”文章中没有提到。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Sometimes, you just can't help it. Maybe you're watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks.
According to Ad Vingerhoets, a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. \are released in response to emotional states,\
Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. \are very complex social creatures,\says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. \seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,\
Vingerhoets agrees, \（流眼泪）has something to do with our childhood, \love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.\when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. \this case, it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help, \
Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma, there is still much more to discover. \surprising, \says, \much we still don't know.\
（1）In the scientists' opinion, crying is ________. A.a sign of human evolution B.a result of human kindness C.a cause of personal growth D.a means of relying on each other
（2）The underlined phrase \ A.seek help wisely B.aim tears at someone C.cry emotionally D.appeal to other people
（3）From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________. A.hold different opinions about the causes of tears B.think positively of the effects of tears C.are working together to study tears D.have learned enough about tears
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.The types of tears B.The components of tears C.The science of tears D.The opinions about tears 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从科学的角度分析了哭的类型和哭的原因等内容。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other”可知，科学家们认为哭与人类如何发展和学习彼此依靠有关系。故可知哭是人们互相依靠的一种方法，选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“‘The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.’ Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention.\认为泪水的主要优势就是你可以将泪水指向一个特定的目标。这种能力在史前发挥了作用，当时人们生活在危险的动物中。泪水是获得注意的一种更安全的方式。由此可知，this ability指将泪水指向一个特定的目标的能力，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. ‘It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,’ She says. Vingerhoets agrees”可知，Lauren Bylsma和Vingerhoets都认为泪水可以唤起别人的帮助和支持。结合选项可知，他们都认可泪水的积极作用。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Eleven-year-old Ruby Kate Chitsey loves asking the question \what would you want?\make the residents who live in the nursing home realize their dreams.
Last May, Ruby Kate noticed a resident named Pearl staring out a window. She seemed sad. \because she couldn't afford to raise it. Ruby Kate and her mother, Amanda, asked around and discovered that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.
She started by asking residents what three things they wanted most in the world. Amanda worried that people would ask for cars and other things an 11-year-old wouldn't be able to provide. Instead, they asked for chocolate bars, McDonald fries, pants that ft properly and even just prayer. Using heir own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months. Then they started asking for donations.
The good people of Harrison responded enthusiastically, so much so hat Amanda set up a GoFundMe page, Three Wishes for Ruby's Residents, hoping to collect %5,000. They hit their goal in a month. After GoFundMe named Ruby Kate a Kid Hero and promoted her story internationally this past January, Three Wishes raised $20,000 in 24 hours and more than $250,000 in five months.
Earlier this year, Three Wishes for Ruby's Residents became a nonprofit and launched its first nationwide chapters. Ruby Kate doesn't plan to stop there. \she says, \
（1）What inspired Ruby Kate to help residents at nursing homes? A.Pearl's sadness for missing her dog. B.The kindness of residents at nursing homes. C.Many nursing home residents' lack of luxuries. D.Her experience of working in a nursing home. （2）What can we learn from the passage? A.Three Wishes has set up its worldwide branches. B.The Chitseys helped satisfy the residents' wishes.
C.The nursing home introduced Ruby's story around the world. D.The Chitseys are wealthy enough to afford all residents' wishes. （3）What do the numbers listed in Paragraph 4 indicate? A.People were supportive. B.Ruby Kate was generous. C.Raising money was quite easy. D.The programme was profitable.
（4）Which of the following can best describe Ruby Kate? A.Proud and enthusiastic. B.Creative and imaginative. C.Warm-hearted and selfless. D.Ambitious and modest. 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）A （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了鲁比?凯特帮助养老院的居民实现他们的愿望，得到了许多同样好心的人的支持的故事。
（1）考查细节理解。根据二段中的“Amanda, asked around and discovered that many nursing home residents are unable to afford even the smallest luxuries. So Ruby Kate decided to do something about it.”可知阿曼达四处打听，发现许多养老院的居民连最小的奢侈品都买不起，于是露比?凯特决定做点什么。即许多疗养院居民缺乏奢侈品激发了鲁比?凯特帮助疗养院的居民。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Using heir own money, the Chitseys granted the wishes of about 100 people in three months.”用他们自己的钱，奇西夫妇在三个月内答应了大约100
人的愿望。可知奇西夫妇帮助满足了居民的愿望。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“After GoFundMe named Ruby Kate a Kid Hero and promoted her story internationally this past January, Three Wishes raised ﹩20,000 in 24 hours and more than ﹩250,000 in five months.”可知在GoFundMe将鲁比?凯特命名为“儿童英雄“之后，今年1月，她在国际上推广了她的故事，三个愿望在24小时内筹集了20000美元，在五个月内筹集了超过250000美元。从这些数据可以看出人们都很支持。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“‘I consider kindness to be my hobby,’ she says, ‘and I'm very good at it.’”可知我把善良当成我的爱好，她说，而且我很在行。由此判断出鲁比?凯特是热心且无私的。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.
A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?
The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.
Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.
A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it. The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．
（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?
A. It contains some sort of medicine. B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.
C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it. D. Patients and doctors know
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