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4. 现在完成时特别强调瞬间动词和持续性动词。持续性动词在完成时中能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间动词则不能。瞬间动词在完成时中如果要与表示一段时间的状语连用，必须用意思相当的持续性动词来替换。 小升初阶段需要掌握的瞬间动词记忆口诀：开始结束死买卖，来去借入不离开。 Begin/start---be on finish/end---be over die---be dead buy---have Sell---be on sale come---be here go ---be away
borrow ---keep
leave---be away from
e.g. 这本书你买了多长时间了？
How long have you bought this book? （F） How long have you had this book? （T）
我妹妹离开她家乡3年了。
My sister has left her hometown for three years. （F）
My sister has been away from her hometown for three years. （T）
5. 区分have gone to, have been to, have been in
Have gone to 表示到某地去了，人还没有回来。Have been to 表示曾经去过某地，现在已回。后可接次数，表去过某地几次。Have been in表示在某地呆了多长时间, 后常接一段时间。
e.g. ---Where is Jim?
----He has gone to England. I have been to Shanghai twice.
He has been in the army for 2 years.
七．过去完成时 1. 定义：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。
2. 结构：had+done
He told me that he had written a new book. When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. I have learnt (learn) 1,000 English words so far.
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I had learnt(learn) 1,000 English words by then.
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