UNIXϵͳ²Ù×÷ÈëÃÅ(1)
µÇ¼²½Öè ========
login : _______ => ÊäÈë username password : _______ => ÊäÈëÃÜÂë
Í˳ö²½Öè ========
% logout % exit % CTRL+d
¸ü¸ÄÕʺÅÃÜÂë ============
% passwd => Ö´Ðк󽫻á³öÏÖÏÂÁÐѶϢ Changing NIS password for user on ice. Old password: ______ => ÊäÈë¾ÉÃÜÂë
New password: ______ => ÊäÈëÐÂÃÜÂë(×îºÃ6-8×Ö£¬Ó¢ÎÄ×ÖĸÓëÊý×Ö»ìºÏ)
Retype new password: ______ => ÔÙÊäÈëÒ»´ÎÃÜÂë
ÔÚÏßÖ¸Áî˵Ã÷ ============
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º man command-name Example: % man ls
½øÈëÔ¶¶ËµçÄÔϵͳ ================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºrlogin hostname [-1 username] Example: %rlogin doc
remote login ½øÈ빤×÷Õ¾ doc ÖС£ %rlogin doc -l user
ʹÓà user ÕʺŽøÈ빤×÷Õ¾ doc ÖС£
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºtelnet hostname »ò telnet IP address Example: %telnet doc
%telnet 140.109.20.251
UNIXϵͳ²Ù×÷ÈëÃÅ(2)
Page 1 of 22
Îļþ»òĿ¼´¦Àí ==============
ÁгöÎļþ»òĿ¼ÏÂÖ®ÎļþÃû³Æ
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º ls [-atFlgR] [name] ( name ¿ÉΪÎļþÃû»òĿ¼Ãû³Æ¡£)
Example :
ls ÁгöĿǰĿ¼ÏÂÖ®ÎļþÃû¡£
ls -a Áгö°üº¬ÒÔ£®ÆðʼµÄÒþ²ØµµËùÓÐÎļþÃû¡£
ls -t ÒÀÕÕÎļþ×îºóÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä֮˳Ðò£¬ÒÀÐòÁгöÎļþÃû¡£
ls -F ÁгöĿǰĿ¼ÏÂÖ®ÎļþÃû¼°ÆäÀàÐÍ¡£\½áβ±íʾΪĿ¼Ãû³Æ£¬\½áβ±íʾΪִÐеµ£¬\½áβ±íʾΪ symblic link¡£
ls -l ÁгöĿ¼ÏÂËùÓÐÎļþÖ®Ðí¿ÉȨ¡¢ÓµÓÐÕß¡¢Îļþ´óС¡¢ÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä¼°Ãû³Æ¡£
ls -lg ͬÉÏ£¬²¢ÏÔʾ³öÎļþÖ®ÓµÓÐÕßȺ×éÃû³Æ¡£ ls -R ÏÔʾ³öĿ¼Ï£¬ÒÔ¼°ÆäËùÓÐ×ÓĿ¼֮ÎļþÃû¡£( recursive listing )
Ŀ¼µÄËõд ==========
¡« ʹÓÃÕß login ʱµÄ working directory ( ÆðʼĿ¼ )
¡«username Ö¸¶¨Ä³Î» user µÄ working directory ( ÆðʼĿ¼ ) . ĿǰµÄ¹¤×÷Ŀ¼ ( current working directory )
.. ĿǰĿ¼µÄÉÏÒ»²ãĿ¼ ( parent of working directory)
¸Ä±ä¹¤×÷Ŀ¼λÖà ================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºcd [name] £ºname ¿ÉΪĿ¼Ãû³Æ¡¢Â·¾¶»òĿ¼Ëõд¡£
Example:
cd ¸Ä±äĿ¼λÖã¬ÖÁʹÓÃÕß login ʱµÄ working directory (ÆðʼĿ¼)¡£
cd dir1 ¸Ä±äĿ¼λÖã¬ÖÁ dir1 ֮Ŀ¼λÖÃÏ¡£
cd ~user ¸Ä±äĿ¼λÖã¬ÖÁʹÓÃÕßµÄ working directory (ÆðʼĿ¼)¡£ cd .. ¸Ä±äĿ¼λÖã¬ÖÁĿǰĿ¼µÄÉϲã( ¼´ parent of working directory)
cd ../user ¸Ä±äĿ¼λÖã¬ÖÁÏà¶Ô·¾¶ user ֮Ŀ¼λÖÃÏ¡£
cd /../.. ¸Ä±äĿ¼λÖã¬ÖÁ¾ø¶Ô·¾¶( Full path ) ֮Ŀ¼λÖÃÏ¡£
¸´ÖÆÎļþ ========
Ö´Ðиñʽ: cp [-r] source destination
Example:
cp file1 file2 ½«Îļþ file1 ¸´ÖÆ³É file2 cp file1 dir1 ½«Îļþ file1 ¸´ÖƵ½Ä¿Â¼ dir1 Ï£¬ÎļþÃûÈÔΪ file1¡£
Page 2 of 22
cp /tmp/file1 . ½«Ä¿Â¼ /tmp ϵÄÎļþ file1 ¸´ÖƵ½ÏÖÐÐĿ¼Ï£¬ÎļþÃûÈÔΪ file1¡£
cp /tmp/file1 file2 ½«Ä¿Â¼ /tmp ϵÄÎļþ file1 ¸´ÖƵ½ÏÖÐÐĿ¼Ï£¬ÎļþÃûΪ file2¡õ
cp -r dir1 dir2 (recursive copy) ¸´ÖÆÕû¸öĿ¼¡£
ÈôĿ¼ dir2 ²»´æÔÚ£¬Ôò½«Ä¿Â¼ dir1£¬¼°ÆäËùÓÐÎļþºÍ×ÓĿ¼£¬¸´ÖƵ½Ä¿Â¼ dir2 Ï£¬ÐÂĿ¼Ãû³ÆÎª dir1,ÈôĿ¼ dir2 ²»´æÔÚ£¬Ôò½« dir1£¬¼°ÆäËùÓÐÎļþºÍ×ÓĿ¼£¬¸´ÖÆÎªÄ¿Â¼ dir2¡£
ÒÆ¶¯»ò¸ü¸ÄÎļþ¡¢Ä¿Â¼Ãû³Æ ========================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º mv source destination
Example:
mv file1 file2 ½«Îļþ file1£¬¸ü¸ÄÎļþÃûΪ file2¡£ mv file1 dir1 ½«Îļþ file1£¬ÒƵ½Ä¿Â¼ dir1 Ï£¬ÎļþÃûÈÔΪ file1¡£ mv dir1 dir2 ÈôĿ¼ dir2 ²»´æÔÚ£¬Ôò½«Ä¿Â¼ dir1£¬¼°ÆäËùÓÐÎļþºÍ×ÓĿ¼£¬ÒƵ½Ä¿Â¼ dir2 Ï£¬ÐÂĿ¼Ãû³ÆÎª dir1¡£ÈôĿ¼ dir2 ²»´æÔÚ£¬Ôò½«dir1£¬¼°ÆäËùÓÐÎļþºÍ×ÓĿ¼£¬¸ü¸ÄΪĿ¼ dir2¡£
½¨Á¢ÐÂĿ¼ ==========
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º mkdir directory-name
Exmaple £º
mkdir dir1 ½¨Á¢Ò»ÐÂĿ¼ dir1¡£
ɾ³ýĿ¼ ========
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º rmdir directory-name »ò rm directory-name
Example £º
rmdir dir1 ɾ³ýĿ¼ dir1£¬µ« dir1 ϱØÐëûÓÐÎļþ´æÔÚ£¬·ñÔòÎÞ·¨É¾³ý¡£
rm -r dir1 ɾ³ýĿ¼ dir1£¬¼°ÆäÏÂËùÓÐÎļþ¼°×ÓĿ¼¡£
ɾ³ýÎļþ ========
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º rm filename (filename ¿ÉΪÎļþÃû£¬»òÎļþÃûËõд·ûºÅ¡£)
Example £º
rm file1 ɾ³ýÎļþÃûΪ file1 Ö®Îļþ¡£
rm file? ɾ³ýÎļþÃûÖÐÓÐÎå¸ö×ÖÔª£¬Ç°Ëĸö×ÖԪΪfile Ö®ËùÓÐÎļþ¡£ rm f* ɾ³ýÎļþÃûÖУ¬ÒÔ f Ϊ×ÖÊ×Ö®ËùÓÐÎļþ¡£
Page 3 of 22
ÎļþÃûµÄËõд·ûºÅ ================
? ´ú±íÎļþÃû³ÆÖÐÖ®µ¥Ò»×ÖÔª¡£ * ´ú±íÎļþÃû³ÆÖÐÖ®Ò»×Ö´®¡£
ÁгöĿǰËùÔÚ֮Ŀ¼λÖà ====================== Ö´Ðиñʽ£º pwd
Example £º pwd
²é¿´ÎļþÄÚÈÝ ============
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º cat filename
Example £º
cat file1 ÒÔÁ¬ÐøÏÔʾ·½Ê½£¬²é¿´ÎļþÃû file1 Ö®ÄÚÈÝ¡£
·ÖÒ³ÏÔʾÎļþÄÚÈÝ ================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£º more filename »ò cat filename | more
Example £º
more file1 ÒÔ·ÖÒ³·½Ê½£¬²é¿´ÎļþÃû file1 Ö®ÄÚÈÝ¡£ cat file1 | more ͬÉÏ¡£
UNIXϵͳ²Ù×÷ÈëÃÅ(3)
Îļþ¼°Ä¿Â¼²Ù×÷ =============
¸Ä±äÎļþ»òĿ¼֮¶Á¡¢Ð´¡¢Ö´ÐÐÖ®ÔÊÐíȨ ====================================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºchmod [-R] mode name ( name ¿ÉΪÎļþÃû»òĿ¼Ãû;mode¿ÉΪ 3 ¸ö 8 λԪ֮Êý×Ö£¬»òÀûÓÃls -l ÃüÁÁгöÎļþ»òĿ¼֮¶Á¡¢Ð´¡¢Ö´ÐÐÔÊÐíȨ֮ÎÄ×ÖËõд¡£)
mode : rwx rwx rwx r:read w:write x:execute(user group other ËõдΪ: u g o)
Example :
Page 4 of 22
% chmod 755 dir1 ½«Ä¿Â¼dir1£¬É趨³ÉÈκÎʹÓÃÕߣ¬½ÔÓжÁÈ¡¼°Ö´ÐÐ֮ȨÀû£¬µ«Ö»ÓÐÓµÓÐÕß¿É×öÐ޸ġ£
% chmod 700 file1 ½«Îļþfile1£¬É趨ֻÓÐÓµÓÐÕß¿ÉÒÔ¶Á¡¢Ð´ºÍÖ´ÐС£
% chmod o+x file2 ½«Îļþfile2£¬Ôö¼ÓÓµÓÐÕß¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ֮ȨÀû¡£ % chmod g+x file3 ½«Îļþfile3£¬Ôö¼ÓȺ×éʹÓÃÕß¿ÉÖ´ÐÐ֮ȨÀû¡£ % chmod o-r file4 ½«Îļþfile4£¬³ýÈ¥ÆäËüʹÓÃÕ߿ɶÁȡ֮ȨÀû¡£
¸Ä±äÎļþ»òĿ¼֮ӵÓÐȨ ======================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºchown [-R] username name ( name ¿ÉΪÎļþÃû»òĿ¼Ãû¡£)
Example £º
% chown user file1 ½«Îļþ file1 Ö®ÓµÓÐȨ£¬¸ÄΪʹÓÃÕß user ËùÓС£
% chown -R user dir1 ½«Ä¿Â¼ dir1£¬¼°ÆäÏÂËùÓÐÎļþºÍ×ÓĿ¼֮ӵÓÐȨ£¬¸ÄΪʹÓÃÕß user ËùÓС£
¼ì²é×Ô¼ºËùÊô֮Ⱥ×éÃû³Æ ====================== Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºgroups
Example : % groups
¸Ä±äÎļþ»òĿ¼֮Ⱥ×éÓµÓÐȨ ==========================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºchgrp [-R] groupname name ( name ¿ÉΪÎļþÃû»òĿ¼Ãû )
Example :
% chgrp vlsi file1 ½«Îļþ file1 ֮Ⱥ×éÓµÓÐȨ£¬¸ÄΪ vlsi Ⱥ×é¡£ % chgrp -R image dir1 ½«Ä¿Â¼dir1£¬¼°ÆäÏÂËùÓÐÎļþºÍ×ÓĿ¼£¬¸ÄΪ image Ⱥ×é¡£
¸Ä±äÎļþ»òĿ¼֮×îºóÐÞ¸Äʱ¼ä(±äΪµ±Ç°Ê±¼ä) =========================================
Ö´Ðиñʽ£ºtouch name ( name ¿ÉΪÎļþ»òĿ¼Ãû³Æ¡£)
Example :
% touch file1 % touch dir1
ÎļþÖ®Á¬½á ==========
Page 5 of 22
Ïà¹ØÍÆ¼ö£º