2009年度全国职称英语等级考试
卫生类（A级）
试 题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining? Aeverlasting B long
Ctemporary D boring
2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. Ashaken B damaged Cfallen D jumped
3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. Afaithful B royal Cgenuine D sincere
4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. Aattraction B simplicity Cpower D rigor
5 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle. Amist B fog Cmystery D secret
6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation. Aannoyed B troubled Cthreatened D aroused
7Academic records cannot be duplicated. Aborrowed B purchased Crewritten D copied
8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research. Afastened B encouraged Craised D initiated
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9We have ample money for the journey. Asome B little Cextra D enough
10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me. Apatients B miracles Cillness D recovery
11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad. Amonotonous B endless
Cserious D bitter
12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. Aold B unforgettable Cfunny D unfair
13 You didn't adhere to these principles. AfollowB order
Cprove D handle
14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land. Aempty B hairless Cbare D smooth
15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications. Aexpressions B warnings Cinstructions D advertisements
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early
An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being haltedbefore the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, whowarn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushedinto use.
The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stoppedearly because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients. \we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, wefound a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials - more than 50 percent werestopped within the last three years,\study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at
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a newsconference Tuesday.
Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchersfound that 11 (79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applicationssubmitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration.
\In fact,this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the otherhand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an 'immature' benefit/risk balanceof new drugs,\
He and his colleagues \showingbenefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However,findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary resultsthat require subsequent confirmation.\
It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a newtreatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) ofthe 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to64 months.
They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they'd enrolled lessthan 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.
\trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyondreasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethicalobligation,\Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School ofHygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference.\功效) without strongevidence being available.\
16The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently A Right BWrong C Not mentioned
17The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no value A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 18The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants A Right BWrong C Not mentioned
19Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned
20Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early A Right BWrong C Not mentioned
21Some of the trials were too short to show their long-term effects A Right BWrong C Not mentioned
22Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop early A Right BWrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4
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段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Cancer
1Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body's basicbuilding blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells.Normallycells grow anddivide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes,this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, andold cells do not die when they should. Theextra cells form a mass of tissue called agrowth or tumor. Benign (~良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and,in most cases, they do not come back Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells inmalignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.
2Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normallycontrol the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors canchange some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene
changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultravioletradiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in theenvironment. Some gene alterations are inherited.
3Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (化疗),hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or acombination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether thedisease has spread, the patient's age and general health, and other factors. Becausetreatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes sideeffects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likelybenefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects. 4Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain maydepend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patient's tolerance forpain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, ornerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally berelieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommendedby the doctor.
23Paragraph 1 . 24Paragraph 2 . 25Paragraph 3 . 26Paragraph 4 .
ADoes cancer always cause pain? BCan cancer be prevented? CWhat is cancer?
DHow common is cancer? EWhat causes cancer?
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