杜Z老师 高二英语 金桥新王牌 ②使软化;使柔软 Her tears melted his heart. 她的眼泪使他心软了。 ③使消散;使消失 The sun melted the fog. 日出雾散。 5. convert v. 转变 ____________________________________ 他们将车库改成戏院。 【拓展1】vt. ①使皈依;使改变信仰[(+from/to)] The priest converted many natives into Christianity. 这个牧师使许多土著居民改信基督教。 ②兑换(证券、货币等)[(+into)] He wanted to convert his dollars into Japanese yen. 他想将美元换成日币。 【拓展2】convert n. 改变信仰者,皈依者[C] He is a convert to Buddhism. 他皈依佛教。 6 . inhabitant n. 居民 ____________________________________ 岛上的居民十分友好 【拓展】inhabit vt. 居住于;栖息于;存在于;占据 Before the arrival of the white man, Australia was inhabited solely by Aborigines. 白人到达之前,澳大利亚仅有土著居住。 They inhabit the tropical forests. 他们居住在热带森林中。 7. expedition n. 远征 They did an expedition to the Himalayas. 他们到喜马拉雅山去考察了一次。 【拓展】远征队;探险队;考察队[C] ____________________________________ 他参加探险队远征南极。 重点知识点： 1．掌握不定式的被动用法。 2．掌握本课的重要词汇。 overfish, dump, pollutant, long-term 3．熟记本课出现的常见词组。 the food chain，set limits for，develop an understanding of，continental shelf，pile up, the natural cycles， 4．掌握一些常用的重要句型。 语言点详解 1．掌握不定式的被动用法 不定式作定语只能用被动式的情况如下： (1)为了表达需要，强调不定式动作的执行者时．须 用被动式．常用by结构引导。 例：2008 Olympic Games are the first great Olympic Games to be held by Chinese 2008年奥运会是中国人首次举办的奥运盛会。 (2)不定式所修饰的名词是将要被做的事情时．不定式须用被动式。 例：The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance． 下次会议上将要讨论的这个问题至关重要。 ·注意点： (1)在“There be”结构中，主语被不定式修饰(不定式作定语)时．既可用主动式，也可用被动式．意义上无甚区别。 例：There was a lot of problems to deal with／to be dealt with. 有许多问题需要处理。 (2)在“with／without十宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式，不定式表示将要发生的动作．且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者．此时不定式须用主动式。例如： 例：With a lot of difficult problems to settle．the newly—elected president is having a hard time． 2． overfish的用法 ·v．take so many fish from the sea，a river，etc. that the number of fish in it becomes very low 过度捕捞 【拓展】相关单词 v．overwork过度劳累 v．overflow溢出，漫出 3．circulate的用法 ·v.使循环【拓展】词性转换 n. cycle循环 5 / 12
杜Z老师 高二英语 金桥新王牌 4．souvenir的用法- ·n． 纪念品 例：When Uncle left for America，he left me his watch as a souvenir． 5．dump的用法 ·v t. to get rid of sth．you do not want，especially in a place which is not suitable随便堆放，倒 例：She dumped all his books on the bed 6．pollutant的用法 ·n. a substance that pollutes sth．，especially air and water污染物 7．1ong-term的用法 长期的【拓展】词性转换adj．short—term短期的 活学活用 ◆1动词填空：He is not a man_____ (bow) before difficulties. ◆2 They had no chance_____(go)abroad in those years. ◆3 You should have confidence in your ability_____ (finish) the task ahead of time. ◆4 Does he have the intention_____(attend) Mary’s wedding party with us? ◆5 This will be one of the greatest bridges_____ (build) by our company this year. ◆6 There is no farmland _____ (1ose). ◆7翻泽：由于有几次会议要参加，所以他不能和我们一起去长城了。 ◆8词性转换：A heavy flood is a_____ (threaten) to our small house. ◆9词性转换：With the development of _____(tour)，the country becomes richer and richer. ◆10动词填空：_____(overfish) will certainly upset the food chain in the ocean. ◆11翻译：植物在食物链中起着很大的作用。 ◆12选择：He sees no limits ____ man’s progress. A. for B. to C. beyond D. in ◆13翻译：想要成为水手的话，必须擅长潜水。 ◆14词性转换：After examining, scientists found a lot of____ (pollute) in the sample of water. ◆15动词填空：When farmers spray poison to kill plant pests, poison ____ (send) into the air, the water and the soil. ◆16动词填空：The only solution to____ (work) out the problem is to try your best. ◆17翻译：作为一名学生，我有必要遵守学校的规章制度。 ◆18翻泽：老师对我们完成作业的时问作了限制。 ◆19翻译：医生建议我买对我的病有长远效果的药。 ◆20动词填空：Laws and Regulations ____（make）to stop smoking in this country. Verbs 1 ______ (find) out who is singing in the next room, Teddy went out of the room to have a look. 2 They didn’t get us ______ (inform)of his name，so we had a lot of trouble in finding the patient. 3 He has booked the new textbook ______ (write)by the author next year. 4 He left the room without ______ (notice). 5 More than one student ______ (be) here just now. 6 _____ (have) fresh fruit every day is of great importance to health. 7 I had difficulty in_____ (start) the car. 8 The meeting _____ (be)over，the students rushed out. 9 She can’t help_____ (clean) the kitchen because she was too busy then. 10 The thief was caught_____ (steal) into the house. Translation 1.人们一定居，污染物就堆积起来。(as soon as) 2.很难想出一种解决这道题的方式。(solution) 3.我们受到号召，为那些无家可归的孩子提供衣食。(provide) 4.大声朗读对提高英语口语有着长期的效果。(effect) 5.某些品种的海洋生物现在很稀少，因为太多已经被杀作为食物。(be killed for) 活学活用 Section A Directions: Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases from the list given below. Change the form where 6 / 12
杜Z老师 高二英语 金桥新王牌 necessary. attempt inhabitant reflect tie conduct Release convert transform orbit consume 1. Winning the lottery has _________ the poor man’s life. 2. She _______ the old books together and put them under the bed. 3. Our _______ to establish a lunar station will definitely succeed. 4. The government made every effort to help those homeless people whose house ______ in the fire. 5. The ______ of that island are friendly. They will warmly receive their guests. 6. They _______ the spare room into an office. 7. She could see her face _________ in the car’s windshield. 8. The satellite _______ the Earth every 48 hours. 9. These days we _________ a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food. 10. Water vapour ________ when water reaches 100゜C. Section B Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets. 1. 他们觉得很幸运，一年后他们的房子的价格上涨了40%。（go up） 2. 他母亲回来时，发现放在桌子上的食物没有动过。（remain） 3. 据报道，我们使用的纸张中只有27%得到了循环利用。（consume） 4. 只要温度上升到摄氏100度，水就会变成水蒸气。（As long as; turn to） 5. 在地铁站建造的最后阶段，工人们检查可能出现的问题。（check for） 6. 我不清楚人们第一次尝试发射火箭是什么时候。（attempt） 7. 两年前，在导师的指导下，我被引入了软件设计这一领域。（introduce） 8. 尽管演出的过程中有过一次停电，但观众们的掌声还是持续了五分钟。（last） 9. 所有的工程师在过去的几年里都日以继夜地努力工作着，结果，我们成功地发射了载人飞船。（as a result） 10. 他们将进行如何减少酸雨对环境影响的实验。（conduct） Reading 1. While there is no water, there is a lot of ice in the two polar ice Caps. 尽管没有水，但是在两极的冰冠却有许多冰。 分析：While在句中解释为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。______________________________________ 尽管其他人都不愿去山区，他不假思索就去了。 2. The plan involves changing Mars so that it becomes more like Earth. ______________________________________ 分析：involve这里解释为“包括；需要”，后面接名词或动名词。 His work involves occasional journeys. 他的工作偶尔需要出差。 ____________________________________ 这份工作需要我住在伦敦。 【拓展】involve还可以解释为“使卷入；牵涉”。 That’s no concern of mine. I’m not involved. 那与我无关，我未卷入。 ____________________________________ 不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！ 3. Nonetheless, the low gravity(one-third of Earth’s)means they can move around easily. _________________________________________________ 分析：nonetheless是副词，相当于nevertheless或however，解释为“然而；尽管如此”。 ______________________________________________________ 那个地方漂亮极了，但是杰克难以想象要在那儿度过余生。 The paintings are complex, but have plenty of appeal nonetheless. 7 / 12
杜Z老师 高二英语 金桥新王牌 这些画很难看懂，尽管如此，却很有吸引力。 4. Chemicals are released into the air. 化学物质被释放到空气中。 分析：release v. 释放(气体) ___________________________________________ 一些有毒气体被排放到大气层里。 【拓展】release v. ①放走；释放(人质等) Release the dog. He has been chained up for hours. 把这条狗放了，它已经被拴了好几个小时了。 The kidnappers agreed to release two women hostages. 绑架分子同意释放两名女人质。 ②透露(消息) ____________________________________ 关于这起事故还没有进一步的消息。 ③发行；发表 __________________________________________ 据说这个歌星的新唱片将于本周末发行。 5. China became the third country, after the USA and Russia, to send a man into space. ____________________________________________________________ 分析：to send a man into space是不定式作定语修饰the third country。由the only，序数词(the first，the tenth)，顺序词(the last，the next)或形容词最高级修饰的名词常接不定式作定语。 This company was the first to produce portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. 该公司是世界上第一家生产盒式录音机以及便携式收音机的公司。 _______________________________________________ 本书中，第五章最难读懂。 Grammar 【拓展】常用来引导条件状语从句的连词还有： ①on condition that只有在……的条件下，以…为条件(是主句中事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。) I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret. 我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。 You can pass the customs on condition that we have checked your luggage. 你可以通过海关，但条件是我们得检查完你的行李。 ②supposing假如，倘若(supposing弓I导的从句表示一种假设条件。) Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? 倘若下雨，我们的运动会还会继续进行吗？ Supposing the stocks of food run out, what shall we do? 假如储备的食品都吃光了，我们该怎么办呢？ ③provided(that) 假如，如果 He will sign the contract provided (that) we offer more favorable terms. 如果我们提出更优惠的条件，他就会在合同上签字。 He won’t be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们了。 综合练习： Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. help B. significantly C. Metropolises D. beneficial E inhabiting F. depressing G. damaging H. Dull I. provide J. better K. less The city has always been an engine of intellectual life，from the l8th．century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics，to the Left Bank bars of modem Paris, where Picasso talked about modern art．Without these 41 ，we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare． And yet，city life isn’t easy．Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are 42 ．Just being in an urban environment，they have found，impairs(损害)our basic mental processes．After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street，the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-contr01．While it’s long been recognized that city life is exhausting，this new research suggests that cities actually 43 our thinking，sometimes dramatically so．One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature， which is surprisingly 44 for the brain．Studies have demonstrated，for instance，that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are 45 able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn．Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance，it seems，because they 46 a mental break from the urban life． This research arrives Just as humans cross all important milestone．For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities．Instead of 47 wide-open spaces，we’re crowded into concrete jungles，8 / 12
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