British Literature
Early writing:
The major literature competition is the annual Booker Prize.
Much early British writing was concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons produced beautifully illustrated versions of the Bible: the most famous of these is the Book of Kells.
One of the oldest of these early “Old English” literary works is long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.
One work from Norman Conquest times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, who was the first court poet to write in English.
主要文学竞争在于一年一度的布克文学奖。
大多早期的英国作品关心基督教:盎格鲁-撒克逊人制作精美插图版本的圣经:其中最著名的是凯尔斯书。
这些早期的最古老的古英语文学作品之一是长诗来自盎格鲁-撒克逊时代叫做贝奥武夫。
今天被广泛中学和大学学生学习研究的是由诺曼征服时期杰弗里·乔叟写的《坎特伯雷故事集》---是第一个由法院诗人用英语写的。
Early than 1066
1. Concerned with Christianity.
2. Little read by people outside university. 3. Written in “old English”.
From 1066 to 1138
1. Written in royal court became French. 2. Words in French or Latin.
From 1138 to 1470
1. Works of history but invented material to fill the board gaps in the history records. 2. King Arthur?s story became popular.
Beowulf 《北奥武夫》
The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 History of the Kings of Britain 《英国列王史》 Le Morte D’Arthur 《亚瑟王之死》
Elizabethan Drama
There was a general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th century which is known as “The Renaissance”.
Christopher Marlowe?s most famous play is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, the story of a man who sold his soul to the devil in return for power.
William Shakespeare is probably the best-known literary figure in the world.The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night?s Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest.
在欧洲的15世纪到16世纪有一个文化和精神百花齐放的时代那就是著名的“文艺复兴”。
克里斯托弗·马洛最著名的《玩》是浮士德博士的悲剧性的历史。这个故事讲述了一个男人将他自己的灵魂卖给了魔鬼以换取力量。
威廉·莎士比亚可能是世界上最著名的文学形象。他写的悲剧包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》,《奥赛罗》,《李尔王》和《麦克白》等；喜剧包括《驯悍记》，《仲夏夜之梦》，《第十二夜》和《暴风雨》等。
The Renaissance
Mainly describe the world of “modern” .Full of moral doubts and political insecurities, where the right of those who wield power to do so is put in question. 文艺复兴时期
主要描述了“现代”的世界。充满道德怀疑和政治的不安全感,那些行使权力的权利这样做存在的问题。
The Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士的悲剧史》 Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》 Othello 《奥赛罗》 King Lear 《李尔王》 Much ado about nothing 《麦克白》 The Taming of the Shrew 《驯悍记》 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》 Twelfth Night, 《第十二夜》 The Tempest. 《暴风雨》
The 17th Century
A permanent monument of English literature style commemorates James?s name. He ordered the translation of the Holy Scriptures known as the King James Bible(1611).
The Essays of Frances Bacon made popular in English a literary form widely practiced afterward.
The literary giant of the 17th century, John Milton was much bound up in Puritan Revolution. The most famous pamphlets is Areopagitica. During his retirement from public life he produced his masterpieces: Paradise Lost, its sequel, Paradise Regained, and the poetic tragedy Samson Agonistes.
英国文学风格的一个永久的纪念碑是为了纪念詹姆斯的名字。他下令翻译圣经称为钦定版《圣经》(1611)。
弗朗西斯培根的散文在英语文学形式广泛流行并被模仿。
17世纪的文学巨人,弥尔顿非常沉迷于清教徒革命。最著名的小册子有《论出版自由》。退出公共生活期间他创作了他的杰作:《失乐园》,它的续集,《复乐园》及诗意的悲剧《力士参孙》。
From the civil war to 1660
John Milton was successful at first because he support the king?s execution. After that he was heavy fined due to these the story he write is more likely to be his self expression.
弥尔顿是成功的,因为他支持国王的命令。之后,由于他所受重刑，这些故事写的更有可能是他的自我表达。
The Novum Organon 《新工具》
The New Atlantis 《新亚特兰提斯》 Areopagitica 《论出版自由》 Paradise Lost 《失乐园》 Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》 Paradise Regained 《复乐园》
The 18th Century
Jonathan Swift?s name is linked with the fanciful account of four voyages known to us as Guliver?s Travels.
Scotland produced a much-loved poet, Robert Burns, who wrote in Scottish dialect. Daniel Defoe ?s first and greatest novel appeared in 1719, which was Robinson Crusoe, the most famous tale of shipwreck and solitary survival in all literature. 乔纳森·斯威夫特的名字关联着四场富于幻想精神的游记比如我们熟知的《格列弗游记》。
苏格兰盛产的富于爱的诗篇是由罗伯特·伯恩斯用苏格兰当地方言所写的。 丹尼尔·笛福的第一篇和最伟大的小说出现在1719年,《鲁宾逊漂流记》,是在所有文献中最著名的沉船和孤独生存的故事。
Satirical and skepticism
Gulliver's Travels form the most bitter and hard-thrushing satire in the English. Also touches every vice,folly and mere weakness of mankind. 讽刺与怀疑主义
格列佛游记的形式中最苦涩和讽刺的英语。也触动每一个邪恶，愚笨和人类的弱点。
Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》 Gulliver‘s Travel 《格列弗游记》
Robinson Crusoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》
The Romantic Period
Two poets offered what had been called romantic poetry?s “Declaration of Independence.” This was a volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads, written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
George Gordon, Lord Byron?s large body of work includes the partly autobiographical Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage.
John Keats?s art is nowhere greater than in the two pomes “Ode on a Grecian Urn” and ”Ode to a Nightingale.”
Percy Bysshe Shelley?s writing has a wide range. The lovely musical quality of his work appears in the fine verses of “Ode to the West Wind” and “To a Skylark” 两个诗人被称为浪漫主义诗歌的“独立宣言”。这是一卷诗歌抒情诗集,由威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治共同编写。
乔治?戈登?拜伦勋爵的大量工作包括部分自传《Childe Harold的朝圣》。 约翰济慈艺术造诣可与“Ode on a Grecian”和“Ode to a Nightingale”两相媲美了。 波比·雪莱的写作范围广泛。充满爱与音乐出现在他的高品质诗篇“西风颂”和“云雀颂”中。
Rime and ode
The literary views:
a. Romanticism constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.
b. In the theory. It tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at the center of art. 诗歌与颂歌 文学的观点:
a.浪漫主义构成的变化方向从关注外部世界的社会文明到人类内心世界的精神。 b.在理论上趋向观察个人中心的生活及所有经验，它也把个人艺术看成重点。
William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge：Lyrical Ballads （marked the beginning of the Romantic Period. ）
George Gordon, Lord Byron Three men John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Lyrical Ballads 《抒情诗集》 The Prelude 《前奏》
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