2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题01 词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）、短语辨析
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority 【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development. A. in effect 【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect实际上；B. in command指挥；C. in turn轮流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。 3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise. A. casual 【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的，随便的；B. regular定期的，有规律的；C. flexible灵活的；D. tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence and creativity. A. resembling 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
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B. potential C. proportion D. pension
B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
B. regular C. flexible D. tight
B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not. A. ones C. these 【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement C. impression 【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
7.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying. A. set aside C. make out 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
8.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. 【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，
B. take back D. keep off B. impact D. judgment B. those D. them
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意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. 【答案】of/for
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。 10.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
11【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
12.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. 【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
13.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have
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to, ___67___ because I want to.” 【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
14.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. … 【答案】
Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different （1）I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so （2）. Then, when I was in the （3） grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher （4） much.
【解析】（1） 考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
（2）考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked（看起来…样）”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
（3）考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。
（4）考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。
15.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. 【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
16.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
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