He has served in / been a member of the army for three years. (√) He joined the army three years ago. (√)
He has been a soldier for three years. (√)
It is three years since he joined the army. (√) 3) 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。例如：
I haven’t bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasn’t come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for twenty years. 我在这里工作过20年。(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for twenty years. 我已经在这里工作20年了。(现在我仍在这里工作。)Bill says that he will stay in Nanjing for three more days. 比尔说他将要在南京再待三天。
4. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1) 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. 这部电影我看过了。（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2) 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。句子中如有过去时的时间副词如 yesterday，last week，in 1986时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（×）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（√）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
◆◆ 过去完成时
1. 表示过去的过去
----|-------------|--------|----> 其构成形式是“had +过去分词”。那时以前 那时 现在
2. 一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)，那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这个过去的时间可用before等介词短语构成一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过上下文给出暗示。
She __________________ (已经学习) some English before she came to this city.
3. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2012，by the time等。
By then he had learned English for four years. 截止到那时，他已经____________________。4. 用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。也可用在状语从句中，此时，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先用过去完成时；发生在后用一般过去时。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从来没去过巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 等到警察来的时候，贼早已经跑了。
5. 过去完成时与现在完成时的主要区别是时间参照点不用：过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。在使用时，还要注意现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。
When I got to the cinema, the film ________________ (已经开始) for five minutes.
◆◆ 一般将来时
1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。
其构成形式为: “will / shall+动词原形”或“am / is / are going to+动词原形”。 与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow，next week，in five days等。 2. 当主语是第一人称I或we时，问句中一般用shall，表示征求对方的意见： When and where shall we meet 我们何时何地见面呢
3.“am / is / are going to +动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的，很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。
He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他计划今晚到电视台讲话。
Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看天上的乌云，一场__________要来了。4. 以下几种情况只可用will表将来，而不可用be going to结构。
① 表示有礼貌的询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。 Will you please __________ (借) me your pencil ② 表示意愿时。
We will help him if he asks us. 如果他要求的话，我们是愿意帮助他的。 ③ 表单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。
The sun will ___________ (落) at half past seven this evening. Fish will die __________________ (没有了水).5. 一般现在时表将来
① 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明早六点发车。② 在if，as soon as，until，when等引导的状语从句中。
When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来了后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我一到那儿就给你写信。6. 现在进行时表将来
意为“意图”、“打算”、“安排”，常用于人。常用词为 come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 我打算明天动身。
Are you staying here till next week 你打算在这儿住到下周吗
◆◆ 过去将来时
表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来。其构成
形式为“would+动词原形”或“was / were going to+动词原形”。与过去将来时态连用的时间状语有：the next day / year，the following week / month等。具体运用时，多用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
He told me that he would visit me if possible. 他说要是可能的话他会来___________的。Jim asked Lucy if she would buy the new book. 吉姆问露西她是否要_________________。
时态自我检测题（45分）
I．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a fine day. The sun _______________ (shine) brightly.
2. They _______________ (visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.
3. Mr. Brown _______________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr. Wang _______________ (teach) us English two years ago.
5. The Smiths _______________ (watch) TV at this time last night.
6. We _______________ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.
7. Father said that he _______________ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.
8. Bill isn’t here. He _______________ (chat) with his friends in the classroom.9. The teacher said that the moon _______________ (go) round the earth.
10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _______________ (not rain) this Sunday.11. Listen! They _______________ (talk) about the new film.
12. Jim asked us what _______________ (happen) in China in 1976.
13. The host _______________ (interview) the little boy just now.
14. He said that he _______________ (ring) me up when he got there.15. We _______________ (learn) English for about three years.
17. The film _______________ (begin) when I got to the cinema.
16. The farmers _______________ (pick) apples when I saw them.
18. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she ___________ (grow) up.
19. Mr. Green _______________ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.20. I’ll go home as soon as I _______________ (finish) my homework.II．根据句意，选择填空。
21. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she ________.
A. will arrive B. gets there C. has
gone D. reach here22. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter
—I ________ well last night.
相关推荐：
loading