2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题13-《定语从句》

专题十三 定语从句

定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。

常见考点：

1. 指物时只用that或which的情况 2. 介词+关系代词

3. whose的用法及转换形式 4. as与which的区别 5. 指人时that与who的区别 6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题 一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语（也就是形容词）的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词 （who, whom, that, which, whose）或关系副词(where, when, why)。如：

The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词

二、关系代词和关系副词的用法

关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表： 关 系 代 词 that 人、物 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 who 词例 先行词 充当成分 人 主语 例句 This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我生命的医生。 She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you. 她就是那个我想告诉你的新学生。 Football is a game that is liked by many people. 足球是一项许多人都喜爱的项目。 The man (that) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚碰到的那个人是我的朋友。 which 物 主语、宾语 Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。 The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的那本小说很有趣。 as 物 主语、宾语 The earth, as is known to all, is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。 The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams. 他是威廉姆斯教授，他的女儿教你英语。 whose=of whom 人、物 /of which 关 系 副 词 where=at/in/to which why=for which 原因 地点 when=at/in/on /during which 时间 定语 状语 We will never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的日子。 状语 This is the house where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。 状语 I know the reason why she works so well. 我知道她为何工作出色的原因。 三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别 从句与先行词的关系 限定性定语从句 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确 标点符号 关系代词 从句与主句之间不用逗号分开 指人用who/whom/that 指物用which/that 指人和物用whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略 修饰 翻译 定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子 从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个词，也可修饰整个主句 从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开 指人用who(作主语)/whom(作宾语) 指物用which 指人和物用whose 关系代词一般不可省略 非限定性定语从句 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整 定语(先翻译从句再翻译先行词) 四、关系代词的选用

1. 只能用that作关系代词的情况 1 说明 例句 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, Pay attention to everything that I do. 注意我所做much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外) 的一切。 2 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时 He has little time that he can spare. 他几乎抽不出一点时间。 This is the best novel (that) I have read. 这是我读过的最好的小说。 3 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 4 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时 They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 他们正在谈论他们记得的在中学里的人和事。 5 当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same等等修饰时 This is the last time that I want to see you. 这是最后一次我想见到你。 6 当疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句Which of the students that knows something about 中，为了避免重复只用that history? 了解历史的学生是哪一位? This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. 这是去北京最快的火车。 China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是以前的中国了。 7 当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略 8 当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略 2. 指物只能用which不用that的情况

1 说明 在非限定性定语从句中 例句 St. Peterburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city. 圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。 2 在介词后面 This is the room in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年住的那个屋子。 3. 指人时只能用who不用that的情况

说明 例句 先行词为one, ones, those, anyone, Those who break the law must be punished. 那些违反法律的人必须he时 4. as与which

as与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别

说明 例句 受到惩罚。 与such或the same连用时，一般用as Such money as he earned was spent on books. 他挣得那些钱被花在了买书上。 as引导的从句可以放在句首，as表“正如……”之意 当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态 当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如： Don’t choose me, who am not fit for the job. 别选我，我不适合这份工作。

考点练透

一、单句填空 请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。

1. Because of my poor memory, all __________ you told me has been forgotten. 2. Do you remember those days __________ we spent along the seashore very happily? 3. Those __________ want to go please sign their names here. 4. Who is the woman __________ is sweeping the floor over there?

5. The man __________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. 6. Finally, the thief handed over everything __________ he had stolen to the police. 7. This is the very letter __________ came last night. 8. This is the factory __________ we worked a year ago.

9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all __________ you have told him.

As we all know, the earth is round. 正如我们所知道的，地球是圆的。 She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在预料之中。 My parents treat me as a baby, which I can’t bear. 我父母常常把我当小孩看，这是我难以忍受的。