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英语重点

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必修五-----重点单词、短语、语法

Unit 1

一、单词、短语: 1. put forward 提出

2. conclude vt.﹠vi. 结束、推断出 3. draw a conclusion 得出结论 4. defeat vt. 打败、战胜、使受挫

n. 失败

5. attend vt. 照顾、护理、出席、参加 6. expose vt. 暴露、揭露、使曝光 7. expose... to 使显露 8. cure n. 治愈、痊愈

vt. 治愈、治疗

9 .challenge n. 挑战;

vt. 向......挑战

二、重点语句:

1. John snow defeats”King Cholera” 1).defeat vt.打败、战胜 / n.失败 2).defeat、beat、win用法辨析:

10.suspect vt. 认为、怀疑; n. 被怀疑者、嫌疑犯 11.blame vt. 责备、谴责

n. 责备、过失

12. pollute vt. 污染、弄脏 13. handle n. 柄、把手;

vt. 处理、操纵

14. link vt.﹠n. 链接、联系 15. link...to... 将...和...连接起来 16. announce vt. 宣布、通告

17. contribute vt.﹠vi. 捐献、贡献、捐助 18. apart from 除...之外

19. (be) strict with sb. 对...(人)严厉 20. make sense 讲得通、有意义 21. spin vt.﹠vi. 使旋转、纺线、纺纱 22. reject vt. 拒绝、不

defeat既可指比赛,也可指在战场上在战场上战胜对手

beat侧重于在比赛中击败对手 (可与defeat互换) win在较强的竞争中胜利,其后+sth,可做不及物动词 2.He attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician 1).attend on/upon sb.(照料、侍候、护理) 2).attend to sb./sth.(注意、留心) 3.It seems the water was to blame

1).blame vt.责备、谴责、归咎于 / n.责备、过失

2).blame的用法:

blame sb. for sth/doing sth. 责备、职责、归咎于 blame sth on sb. 责备,职责、归咎于 be to blame for sth. 对...应负责、应受责备 bear/take/get the blame for 对...承担责任 put/lay the blame on sb. 怪在...身上 be to blame 主动表被动,不用于被动语态 4.Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the following phrases 1).apart from意为除...之外,相当于besides、except、in addition to

2).besides、except、except for、except that、but用法辨析:

besides:(相当于in addition to、as well as)除去的东西包括在范围内 expect: 意为除了...之外,指同类的人或物中排除

expect for: 意为除了...之外,除去的东西和主语不同类,例:The suit fitted him well

expect for the color was a little bringter

expect that: 意为除去,后跟从句

but: 常用在no、all、nobody、who、everywhere等词之后,后面一般不接副词或介词短语,例:He didn’t

have nothing to eat but to steal some food from the shop

5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people expose to cholera

1).when he thought...cholera是时间状语从句,过去分词exopse to cholera做后置定语,修饰people sb. to do sth 激励某人做.... 2). Inspire sth. In sb. 激起某人某种感情 sb. with sth 激起某人某种感情

6.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood

1).neither...nor...既不...也不...,当neither...nor...连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,例:Neither I nor he has seen the film

2).遵循就近原则的还有:either...or... not only...but also... not...but...以及there be句型

3).cure sb.of sth.治好某人的...病

7.He knew that cholera would never be controlled untilits cause was foune 1).control的用法:

in control of 负责 out of control 失去控制 under control 控制

8.The second suggest that people obsorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 1).suggest 表建议+虚拟语气 表暗示+正常失态

2).be absorb in 全神贯注

9.John Snow suspect that the second theory was correct but he need evidence 1).suspect sb doing sth 怀疑某人做某事

2).evidence n.证据

10.A woman who had moved away from Board Atreet,like the water from the pump so mush that she had it deliver to her house everyday

1).who引导的定语从句修饰 A woman 2).have sth.down某物被... / 请某人做某事 3). have sth. to be down让...将被... 4). have sb. do让某人做某事

doing让某人处于某种状态

11.He had not foreseen this,so he made further investigations farther(表具象) 1.far

further(表抽象)

12.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky made sense only if 表只要、只有,引导陈述语气真实语句,如果后跟状语从句,主句应倒装 1.

if only 表但愿、要是

13.This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it 1.go round = go around = circle 环绕...旋转 14.The Christian Church rejrct his theory 1.reject、resuse、decline用法辨析:

reject 不能用于拒绝别人的请求或帮助,其后不可跟不定式 refuse 指拒绝别

人的请求或帮助,后跟不定式

decline 用于委婉拒绝,后跟名词、代词、不定式

三、语法

过去分词做一、过去分词做定语

▲及物动词的过去分词做定语:1、在语态上,表示被动。2、在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成。3、与它所修饰的名词有逻辑意义上的动宾关系。4、不及物动词过去分词也可定语,但它不表示被动意义,只强调动作已经完成。

单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰名词之前。例:My friend is a returned student 1. 也有单个的过去分词做后置定语,用以强调作用。例:How much time is there left?

2.过去分词短语做定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,其作用相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。例:The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter

3.如果被修饰的词是指示代词those或由every / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合不定代词时,即使是单个的分词,也要放在被修饰词的后面。例:Is there anythings unsolved?

4.过去分词前加一名词或副词构成一个复合形容词,放在其修饰的名词前作前置定语。分词前加名词表示分词的动作或行为主体,所加副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等。例:This is a state-owned factory.

5.做前置定语的某些动词过去分词的形式与做谓语动词和表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例:

原型 作定语P.P 作表语、谓语P.P 定语和表语

drink light melt sink drunken lighten melted sunken drunk lit / lighted melted sunk 6.做定语的过去分词常指已经完成的动作,若要表现现在正在进行的,又是被动的动作,要用现在分词的被动形式。例:I knew nothing about the experiment being conducted there. 二.过去分词做表语

1.过去分词做表语往往表示主语所处的状态,这种情况很多,其中有很多已经变成形容词。例:They were very pleased with the girl

2.过去分词作表语和被动语态是有差别的,(be + 表语)结构表示一种状态,而被动语态表示一个动作。例:

The shop is closed now.(be + 表语表状态)

It’s usually closed at 8 o’clock.(be + 被动语态表动作)

Unit 2

一、单词、短语:

1. consist vi. 组成、在于、一致 2. consist of 由......组成 3. divide...into 把......分成

4. break away from 挣脱束缚、脱离

5. to one’s credit 为......带来荣誉、值得赞扬、在......名下

6. attract vt. 吸引、引起注意 7. leave out 省去、遗漏、不考虑 二、重点语句

1.How many countries does the UK consist of? 1).consist of意为由......组成、由......构成 2).consist of 不用于被动语态,也不能用于进行时态,意思相当于be made up of 2.England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 1).convenience指“方便” 、 “便利”时为不可数名词,指便利的事物时为可数名词,其形容词为convenient,它的主语不能为“人”,只能指“事物”。

2).convenience的短语

for one’s convenience: 为了某人方便 for convenience: 为了方便起见

at one’s convenience: 在某人方便的时候

8. plus prep. 加上、和

adj. 加上、正的、零上的

9. take the place of 代替 10. break down 机器损坏、破坏 11. arrange vt. 筹备、安排、整理 12. fold vt. 折叠、对折

13. delight n. 快乐、高兴、喜悦

vt. 使高兴、使欣喜

be convenient for sb.: 对某人来说方便 it is convenient for sb. to do sth.: 某人方便做某事

3).divide...into 把...划分为... 4).divide与separate用法辨析:

divide强调把整体划分为若干份,其后常接into

separate强调把原来连接在一起的事物分成两部分,其后常接from

3.People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries. used to do 过去常常做... 1). be used to do 某物被用来做... be used to doing 习惯做... 2).no wonder that... 不足为奇

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