阅读提速练
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
(2020·浙江卷10月)There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼) aluminum.
Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment，” Buckminster Fuller said, “Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example, let’s compare the throwaway economy with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.
Say your cat weight 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weighs 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5，475 cans over the cat’s 15-year lifetime. That’s 219kg of steel—more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat’s weight.
In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime—and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.
Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we’ve used only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we’ve also achieved the following significant savings: in energy use—47% to 74%; in air pollution—85%; in water pollution—35%; in water use—40%.
【解题导语】 本文首段点明主旨：回收利用可大大节约资源，并引用伟大建筑师富勒的话和养猫喂食的例子肯定循环经济的价值所在。
1．What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution? A．It is becoming more serious. B．It destroys the environment. C．It benefits the economy. D．It is the resources yet to be used. D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Buckminster Fuller的话：“Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.”可知，他认为污染只不过是我们没有收获的资源。由于我们对它们的价值一无所知，因此让它们白白浪费。故选D。
2．How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy? A．50. B．100. C．150. D．250.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime”可以推断出，循环经济下，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。
3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To promote the idea of recycling. B．To introduce an environmentalist.
C．To discuss the causes of pollution. D．To defend the throwaway economy.
A 解析：写作目的题。文章通过养猫喂食的例子，用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同结果，目的是推广回收利用的理念。故选A。
B
The world record holder for the number of university degrees is a 70-year-old Italian.
Mr.Luciano Baietti lives in the town of Velletri near Rome and spends his days walking around his small house and garden.But every morning as early as 3 o’clock，he pulls out his textbooks and starts studying.
He now holds 15 bachelors or master’s degrees from universities across Italy，and is already attempting his 16th.
“Thanks to books，I feel free，”he tells the BBC journalists.“After all，the words share the same root，”he says，referring to the Italian words libro(book)and libero(free)．The certificates proving his talent hang on the walls of his study，showing people that he was writing new pages in the Guinness Book of Records.In 2002 he got his eighth degree in motor skills.And before that he already had degrees in sociology，literature，law，political science and philosophy，most from Rome’s famous La Sapienza University, one of the oldest in the world.
Since then，he has added seven other degrees to his list，including one in criminology(犯罪学)，one in military strategies and the latest one in tourism in February 2020.All of these three were from online universities.
“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go，”says Mr.Baietti.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。来自意大利的70岁的Luciano Baietti先生是已获得大学学位总数最多的世界纪录保持者。
4．What can we know about Mr.Baietti from the passage? A．He has a wide range of learning. B．He is the oldest world record holder. C．He has got crazy about getting degrees. D．He got all his degrees by going to school.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三至五段可以推断Luciano Baietti先生的学习范围非常广泛。a wide range of意思是“广泛的，多种多样的”，所以选项A正确。
5．Why has Mr.Baietti tried to get so many degrees? A．To show his talent. B．To challenge himself. C．To become popular.
D．To break the world record.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go”可知选项B正确。
6．Where does this passage most probably come from? A．A newspaper. B．A biography. C．A travel magazine. D．A story book.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文尤其是第四段Luciano Baietti先生接受BBC采访的信息可以推断本文应该是一篇新闻报道。所以选项A正确。
C
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don’t keep your legs crossed.
“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins__and__needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。
7．What can we learn about crossing one’s legs? A．It is a very bad social habit.
B．It is usually practiced deliberately. C．It can do harm to people’s health.
D．It can make others feel uncomfortable. C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。
8．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can________． A．affect your blood pressure B．resist gravity effectively C．lead to heart attacks easily D．improve the function of legs
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。
9．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means “________”． A．slightly sharp pains B．being a little tired C．serious muscle injuries D．being highly flexible
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有
一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。
10．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare common habits. B．To give readers some advice.
C．To evaluate the effects of an experiment. D．To introduce research methods.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。
Ⅱ 七选五 Coming face-to-face with your inadequacies(缺点) can be painful, to say the least.
1.________ It even makes you question yourself. Your knee-jerk reaction may be to get defensive
or even dismiss the critique entirely. But handling negative feedback with grace will not only make you look gracious, but it could ultimately help you grow as a person. Here’s how to do it.
?Be objective about the criticism
Before you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other person’s opinion, take a step back and look at it objectively.
Next time you get a bad review, don’t immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather, take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate. 2.________
?Avoid unnecessary conflict
If you decide that the point is valid, it may be hard to take. In your discomfort, you may feel the urge to criticize the other person angrily and defend yourself. 3.________
?Be open to the idea of change
4．________ And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance” that can prevent us from changing even when that’s what we need most.
?Ask questions
If you’re open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement, you will likely need more information. 5.________ Your emotions will be running high, and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information. However, when you feel ready, it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you. Even if you don’t agree with their advice, thank them and promise to consider it.
A．Most of us are pretty stubborn.
B．There is no doubt that change is necessary.
C．But it’s best to avoid getting into an argument. D．Being sensitive to criticism leads you nowhere. E．It challenges the way you believe people see you.
F．Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it.
G．The initial moment you hear it may not be the best time to ask for more details.
【解题导语】 听到别人对你的批评也许会很痛苦，但是如果优雅地处理这些问题，自己将变得更好。
1．E 解析：根据空后一句话可知，空处与下一句是递进关系，E项“这会挑战你认为别人看待你的方式”，所以E项符合语境。
2．F 解析：根据空前的“don’t immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you, but rather, take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate”可知，空处应讲给自己一个机会真正吸收这些信息并对其进行评估。故F项符合语境。
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