Module 5 Unit 1 Grammar
第二讲 不定式的复杂结构
一、动词不定式的时态与语态
1. 动词不定式的变化形式与谓语动词时态理解 用下列动词的适当形式填空。
(1) Please turn the TV down. John ____________(read) in the next room . (2) John pretended ____________ (read) when the teacher came in .
(3) I know our new headmaster well because I ____________ (work) with him before. (4) I know our new headmaster well because I happened _____________(work) with him before. 进行式：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。 2. 动词不定式的变化形式与谓语动词语态理解
(1)I plan to attend the meeting that_________( hold )tomorrow. (2)I plan to attend the meeting __________(hold) tomorrow. (3) It is an honor for me ___________ (invite) to the party.
(4)She asked _______________(give) more time to do the work better.
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动语态。 动词不定式的时态和语态的变化：
语态、时态 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行时 主动语态 / / 被动语态 3. 动词不定式的时态与语态变化形式练习
(1) I am sorry ____________(keep) you waiting for another two days for the result. (2) I am sorry _________________(keep) you waiting for so long for the result.
(3) He happened _______________(go)out for a walk when I visited him , I just had a few words with him about the plan .
(4) He happened _____________(go) out for a walk when I visited him , so I decided to report the plan on the phone.
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(5) We agreed ________(meet) here but until now she hasn’t come yet. (6) Hurry up, he is sure _____________ (wait) for us.
(7) Robert is said ______________(study) abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in. (8) He asked _____________(send) to work in that factory.
(9) These books are not allowed _____________(take) out of the Room
(10) —why do you stay here? —You are supposed _____________ (study) in the bookshop. (11) I regret ______ (inform) you that you have failed in the English competition. (12)The novel is said to _______________ (translate) into seven languages. (13)I thought it an honor to _____________ (invite) to the party. (14) He seems ______________(catch) a cold.
(15) She is known __________________(work) on the problem for many years. 二、不定式主动表被动的常用结构 1. 主语+be+ adj. +to do (vt) 结构 (1) These apples are good to eat. (2) The passage is difficult to understand. (3) The music is pleasant to hear.
形容词多为表示性质特点的词: easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting , important, comfortable ,pleasant, impossible等 ◆ 注意介词的使用
(1) He is easy to get on ______.
(2) The river is dangerous to swim _____. (3) The room is comfortable to live ____. (4) The problem is difficult to work _____.
◆表示人的心理和情感的形容词后面可以用被动式。 (1) Tom was glad to be chosen.
(2) She was eager to be taken to her parents. 2. 及物动词+宾语+ adj. +to do (vt) (1) I find English easy to learn. (2) I found him easy to get along with. (3) They don’t think the game interesting to play. (4) I find the lecture difficult to understand.
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3. too… to…结构
(1) The passage is too hard to understand. (2) The box is too heavy to move. (3) The apple is too high to reach. 4. 在名词后作定语
◆用括号中动词适当的形式填空
(1) I have a meeting ____________ (attend) today. (2) Do you have anything ____________? (say) (3) I want to get something ____________ .(eat) (4) He bought some magazines ____________. (read)
(5) Mother always gives her little daughter some picture books ____________ (read).
◇与被修饰的词有动宾关系，并且与句子的主语有主谓关系时, 不定式用主动形式表被动含义。 ◆用括号中动词适当的形式填空
(1) —Do you have anything more ____________ (type), sir? —No, you can have a rest or do something else.
(2) —I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything ____________(take) to your parents. —I have nothing ___________(take) to them. Thank you.
(3) Let me show you the room __________(used) as the teachers’ reading- room. ◆注意介词的使用
(1) Let’s first find a room to put the goods ____________. (2) There is nothing for us to worry ____________. (3) Mr Smith is a good person to work ____________.
(4) Will you do me a favour to lend me something to write ____________. (5) The teacher gave the students some paper to write ____________. (6) Please pass me a piece of paper to write a note ____________.
◆不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如： (1) He had not money and no place ____________(live). (2) This is the best way ____________ (work out) this problem. (3) He had no place ____________( go). 5. with 的结构
用括号中动词适当的形式填空
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(1) With a lot of difficult problems ____________(settle), the newly- elected president is having a hard time.
(2) — Can you go together with me to the cinema?
— Look how can I go with all these clothes_______________ (wash)? 6. to let , to blame, to seek的特定用法 (1) The house is to let. 这栋房子要出租。 (2) Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁？
(3) The reason is not far to seek. 理由不难找到。 三、疑问词＋动词不定式的结构
1. 朗读下列句子,体会不定式的复杂结构。 (1) I don’t know what to do with my poor English. (2) Have you considered where to spend your holiday? (3) Last summer I took a lesson on how to use a computer.
2. 疑问词＋动词不定式的充当宾语 (V+ wh-to do (why 除外)。常放在understand/ consider/ learn/ think , know /show /see / make up one’s mind, tell后。 ◆经典句子翻译与背诵
(1)他就如何学好英语给我们提了一些非常好的建议
_____________________________________________________________ (2) 学会怎样与人相处对一个人来说非常重要．
_____________________________________________________________ ◆高考句子链接翻译
(1) I have worked with children before so I know what to expect in my new job.
(2) The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glasses as it happened while she was out. (3) It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. 3.介词＋which+不定式构成的非限定性分句充当定语。 (1) He is looking for a room ________to live. (2) It is not a good season _________to travel. (3) There are all kinds of things __________to choose. (4) He had only ten dollars _________ to buy his wife a pen.
(5) Frank's dream was to have his own shop _______ to produce the workings of his own hands.(2005HN)
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