工业锅炉过热蒸汽温度控制系统设计(大学本科毕业设计)

山东科技大学学士学位论文

摘要

在现在的各种工业和企业的动力设备中，锅炉仍然是重要的组成部分。随着现代化工业的快速发展，锅炉作为能源转换的重要设备，其控制和管理要求越来越高。过热蒸汽温度是锅炉汽水系统中的温度最高点，蒸汽温度过高会使过热器管壁的金属强度下降，以至烧坏过热器的高温段，严重影响生产安全。本文设计的蒸汽温度控制系统结构简单、稳定性好、通用性强，具有一定的实用价值。

本设计根据锅炉蒸汽温度控制系统的设计要求，设计了一个精度高、稳定可靠、外围电路简单、通用性强和抗干扰的蒸汽温度测量控制系统。系统以AT89S52单片机为核心，包括温度采集模块、按键输入模块、LED显示模块、控制输出模块、执行机构和通信模块等组成。温度检测采用K型热电偶，输出控制采用晶闸管调功的方式。在硬件设计的基础上完成了系统软件部分的设计。

关键词：锅炉，过热蒸汽，单片机，温度控制，AT89S52

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山东科技大学学士学位论文

ABSTRACT

In the present variety of industrial and power equipment business, the boiler is still an important part. With the rapid development of modern industry, boiler equipment, as an important energy conversion, control and management of its increasingly high demand. Superheated steam temperature is the temperature of the boiler water system in the highest point, the steam super heater tube wall temperature is too high, the metal strength decreased, as well as the high temperature super heater section of burned and seriously affect the production safety. This design of the steam temperature control system is simple, stable, versatile, has a certain practical value.

The design of the boiler steam temperature control system according to the design requirements, design a high precision, reliable and simple external circuit, versatility and immunity measuring steam temperature control system. AT89S52 microcontroller as the core system, including temperature acquisition module, key input module, LED display module, control output modules, implementing agencies, and communications modules and other components. Temperature was measured with K-type thermocouple, the output is controlled by thyristor power regulator approach. In the hardware design based on the completed part of the design of system software.

Keywords：boiler, superheated steam,MCU, temperature control, AT89S52

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山东科技大学学士学位论文 目录

目录

目录 ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1绪论 ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1锅炉过热温度控制系统课题的提出 ............................................................ 1 1.2锅炉温度控制的现状和发展 ......................................................................... 2 1.3论文的主要工作及重点 .................................................................................. 6

2系统分析及总体设计方案 ................................................................................. 7

2.1系统总体分析 .................................................................................................... 7 2.2系统总体方案设计 ......................................................................................... 11

3系统硬件电路设计 ............................................................................................... 12

3.1系统硬件总体结构 ......................................................................................... 12 3.2 CPU的选择及系统板设计 ............................................................................ 12 3.3传感器选择及外围电路设计 ....................................................................... 17 3.4人机交互模块 .................................................................................................. 20 3.5输出控制模块电路设计 ................................................................................ 24 3.6通信电路设计 .................................................................................................. 27

4系统软件设计 .......................................................................................................... 30

4.1软件部分的总体设计 ..................................................................................... 30 4.2温度测量模块软件设计 ................................................................................ 32 4.3数字PID算法软件设计 ................................................................................ 33 4.5 PWM输出控制模块软件设计 ....................................................................... 34 4.6人机交互模块软件设计 ................................................................................ 36 4.7通信模块软件设计 ......................................................................................... 37

5 PID控制算法设计及整定 ............................................................................... 38

5.1系统数学模型分析 ......................................................................................... 38 5.2 PID算法设计 .................................................................................................. 39 5.3参数整定 ............................................................................................................ 42

６抗干扰措施 .............................................................................................................. 46

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山东科技大学学士学位论文 目录

6.1硬件抗干扰措施 .............................................................................................. 46 6.2软件抗干扰措施 .............................................................................................. 47

7总结 ............................................................................................................................... 49 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 50 致谢 ................................................................................................................................... 51 附录 ................................................................................................................................... 52

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