斯基的话来说就是：“各种规划必须协调运作，我们需要的是一揽子计划”。
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered ?vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today?s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America?s turbulent past, today?s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21．The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing 22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century A. played a role in the spread of popular culture. B. became intimate shops for common consumers. C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
.
. 23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. . A. are resistant to homogenization.
B. exert a great influence on American culture. C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. D. constitute the majority of the population.
24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the public?s fear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is . A. rewarding B. successful C. fruitless D. harmful
文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 尽管人们对社会差异性有没完没了的争议，美国仍然是一 步神奇的同化国民的机器。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是 Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 移民很快适应了这一共同文化， 虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是 The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” 1990 年的人口普查表明“绝大多数移民在美国居住 10 年后英语 说得好或很好，他们来自 15 个最常移民的国家。”
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是 Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” 在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生土 长的美国白人和黑人的通婚比例高。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是 Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around
world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks. Rodriguez 注意到，世 界各地住在偏远村庄的孩子是诸如阿诺德施瓦辛格和加思布鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。 第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是 Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in
America? 美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗? 不难发现，这篇文章围绕着美国的移民问题来展开。 题目解析： 21.识词题 The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means . 选项 A. identifying 识别、认为??等同于、确定；
B. associating 使联合、使发生联系； C. assimilating 使同化、吸收； D. monopolizing 独占、垄断。
该题将识别的短语“homogenizing”在文章中定位到第一段首句 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 作为识词 题，按照“方位论原则”：在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明，逻辑关系”的表达，或者向 前面找平行结构。在词汇前面出现。“In spite of “endless talk of difference,””，表达的是 in
spite of 引起的转折关系。因此，homogenizing 应与前文中的 difference 构成反义，只有 C. assimilating “同化”符合题意。因此答案为 C。
22.细节题 According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century . 选项 A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
B. became intimate shops for common consumers. 成为普通消费者的私人商店。
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. 满足有知识的精英们的需求。
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果。
该题利用定位词“the department stores of the 19th century”定位到文章第一段 People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered ?vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. “人们融入了 19 世纪百货商店倡导的 “消费文化”，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”。可见，the culture of consumption 是由这些百货商店发起的。选项 A. played a role in the spread of popular culture. 在大众文化传播方面发挥作用，与相关信息句动作“融入了 19 世纪百货商店倡导的消费文 化”直接关联；选项 B. became intimate shops for common consumers.成为普通消费者的私人 商店，与相关信息句动作“融入了 19 世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅 的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联；选项 C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.满足有知识的精英们的需求，与相关信息句动作“融入了 19 世纪百货商店倡导的消费 文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联；选项 D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果，与相关信息句动 作“融入了 19 世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样 的商品”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为 A. played a role in the spread of popular culture 在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
23.细节题 The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. . 选项 A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化。
B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响。 C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口。 该题利用定位词“immigrants”定位到文章第二段 Immigrants are quickly fitting into this
common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.“移民很快适应 了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。” 选项 A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽 然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联；选项 B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这 一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联；选项 C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁，与相关信息句动作“很 快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”直接关联， 动作“对公共文化几乎威胁”对应于“不会毒害人们”，体现“同意替换”的关系；选项 D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口，与相关信息句动作“很快适
应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联。 因此，正确答案为 C. are hardly a threat to the common culture 对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
24.结构题 Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? 选项 A. To prove their popularity around the world.
证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度。
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. 表明人们对移民的恐惧。
C. To give examples of successful immigrants. 给成功移民举例子。
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture. 表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
该题将例子“Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks”定位到文章第五段 Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.”根据结构题方位论原 则，找例子对应的论点句。因此，例子后面相邻的句子 yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.”“但是一些美国人担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影 响。”是论点。选项 A. To prove their popularity around the world. 证明他们在世界的受欢迎程 度，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响” 没有任何关联；选项 B. To reveal the public?s fear of immigrants.表明人们对移民的恐惧， 与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没 有任何关联；选项 C. To give examples of successful immigrants.给成功移民举例子，与相关信 息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关 联；选项 D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.表明美国文化的巨大影响力， 与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”直 接关联，动作“担心为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”对应于“表明美国文化的巨大影响”， 体现 “同意替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为 D. To show the powerful influence of American culture 表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
25.主旨题 In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is .
选项 A. rewarding 有益的 B. successful 成功的
C. fruitless 未果的 D. harmful 有害的 该题作为主旨题反映作者观点态度的题目，根据“方位论原则”：作者的观点体现在文 章尾段的主题句或倒数第二段体现“I”的句子中。题目定位到文章尾段主题句 But particularly when viewed against America?s turbulent past, today?s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.“但是，当审视美国过去的骚动时，当今的美国社会各项指 标不能表明社会环境变得腐败黑暗”，体现作者的态度是美国社会当前的现状还好。因此， 正确答案为 B. successful 成功的。
全文翻译尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议，美国还是一部神奇的同化国 民的机器。美国社会呈现出“服饰和话语趋于平民化、一致化，自在随意和尊重缺失”通俗 文化的特点。人们融入了 19 世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”。与那些迎合知识精英的优雅
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