七升八英语讲义
时间 内容 2013年 月 日 校区 课次 第1次课 科目 英语 特殊句型及句子结构（二）：复合宾语 一、第五种句型：主 + 谓 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
在英语中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达
完整的意思。我们把“宾语 + 宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。
宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词来充当。宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
1. 由名词和形容词作宾补时，宾语和宾补之间具有逻辑上的主系表关系。 ．．．．．．．．．1）由名词作宾语补足语
We call him Old Henry ! （名词作宾补，表达了him“是什么”） 我们把他叫做老亨利。（him和Old Henry之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即He is Old Henry.） 2）由形容词作宾语补足语
Please keep the door open. （形容词作宾补，表达了the door的状态，特点） 请让门开着。（the door和open之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即The door is open.） The moving movie made me sad. 这部让人感动的电影让我很悲伤。（me和sad之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即I was sad.）
2. 由副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补时，宾语和宾补之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 ．．．．．．．． 1）Mum asked me to clean my bedroom. （不定式作宾补）
妈妈叫我打扫卧室。（me和clean the room存在逻辑主谓关系，即I cleaned my bedroom.） 此类动词常见的有：ask（要求）, tell（告诉）, order（命令）, allow（允许）等。
eg. I often see her dance in the park. （不定式作宾补，省略to，宾补表述经常性的动作）
我们经常看见她在公园里跳舞。（即She often dances in the park.）
2）We saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. （现在分词作宾补，宾补的动作与谓语动词saw同时发生） 我们看见一条大蛇睡在火旁边。（即When we saw a big snake, it was sleeping near the fire.）
【及时演练】 一、翻译句子。
1. 我经常听见我的邻居在房间里唱歌。
I often ___________ my neighbor ___________ in the room.
2. 昨天，当我经过老师办公室的时候，我听见老师们正在谈论我们的成绩。
Yesterday, when I passes the teacher's office, I __________ the teachers __________ about our grades.
二、单项选择。
( )1. --- Where's your brother now, Bob? (2010*成都)
--- I saw him ________ in the street a moment ago (刚才) and I told him ________. A. playing; don't do so B. playing; not to do so C. play; to do so ( )2. ---I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics.
---Why not __________ music. It can make you ___________. ( 09 黄冈市 )
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A. listen to; relaxing B. to listen to; to relax C. listen to; relax D. listen to; relax ( )3. She won't let her daughter ___________ by the river. ( 09 宁夏 )
A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing ( )4. Let's __________ play in the street. Father tells me __________ do so. ( 09 广东) A. not to; not to B. not; not to C. don't; to not D. not to; don't ( )5. ---Is Jack in the library? ( 09 绍兴市 )
---Maybe. I saw him ___________ out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went
( )6. While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _____ out of the water. ( 10 宜宾 ) A. jumped B. to jump C. jumping D. are jumping
( )7. –I like this set of sofa so much, but I don’t know it in my small house. （2011*成都） --You are supposed to put it into the living room.
A. where to put B. why to put C. how to put
（ ）8. Parents often ask their kids their Internet friends because the kids may be in danger. （12成都） A. to meet B. not to meet C. meeting
（ ）9. Mr. Green asked us to stop ______, so we stopped _______ to him at once. ( 09 南充市 ) A. talking; listening B. to talk; listening C. talking; to listen （ )10. ---Mary dances best in our school. ( 10 江西 )
--- I agree. I'll never forget ________ her dance for the first time. A. seeing B. to see C. see D. Seen
二、感叹句
感叹句的修饰词有how和what，意思为“多么”
what用于修饰名词；how用于修饰形容词或副词。 句
型
小
结
：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 容易混淆的不可数名词：news, weather, bread, music等。
【及时演练】
一、用What, What a / an, How完成下列感叹句。 (1) ___________ good weather! Let's go fishing by the river.
(2) ___________ nice day it is! Why not have a walk in the park with your parents? (3) ___________ delicious the ice cream is! I want to have some more. (4) ___________ interesting story you told us just now!
(5) ___________ fast he is speaking! I’m afraid I can't follow him.
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二、单项选择。
（ ）1 . ----Look, ___________ dirty the water is!
----Yes, we should really take some actions to deal with it. A. What a B. What C. How D. How a （ ）2. ---Two __________ died（死亡） in the accident. (11 深圳) ----________ terrible it is!
A. policemen, How B. policeman, What C. police, What D. policemans, How （ ）3. ---_________ a city! ---Yes, it is.
A. How beautiful B. What beautiful （ ）4. _________ tall the boy is!
A. How B. What a C. What （ ）5. ____________ interesting books!
A. What B. How C. What an
C. What a beautiful
三、反意疑问句
1. 基本用法：
1） 对提出的情况或看法不确定，需要对方证实。
2）句子结构：陈述句 + 简略的一般疑问句? (疑问部分用缩写形式) 3）前肯后否，前否后肯。 4) 用yes或no来作答。 2. 考点链接：
1）问句的主语应该与陈述句主语的人称代词一致。
2）否定的陈述句+ 肯定的疑问句的答语，与汉语的表达习惯不同。yes和no的回答取决于后面的回答。 3）当陈述部分含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或具有否定意义的词 时，疑问部分用肯定形式。
4）当陈述部分为祈使句时，疑问部分常用will you. Let's …开头的祈使句，疑问部分用shall we。
【及时演练】
一、完成下面的反意疑问句。
1. - Mr. Zhao goes fishing every weekend, __________ __________? (2011*重庆) - __________, __________ __________. It's his favorite thing in his free time. 2. - He finished doing his work, ___________ ___________? - __________, __________ _________. Look, he's working on it.
3. - Your father was waiting for you when you went out of school yesterday, _________ _________? - __________, __________ __________. He takes me home after school every day. 4. Let's go and help the old man to cross the road, _________ _________? (2011*百色)
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5. - He can do nothing because it is raining heavily outside, __________ __________? - _________, _________ _________. He has to stay at home.
二、单项选择。
( ) 1. Everything is going on well, __________? A. is it A. is
B. isn't it
C. don't it
D. doesn't it
D. mustn't
D. are we
( ) 2. The man over there must be her father, __________ he?
B. isn't
C. must C. do we C. do you
( ) 3. Let us go to play football, _________? A. will you A. shall we A. does Jim
B. shall we B. will you B. doesn't Jim
( ) 4. You've just finished your listening exam. Please get yourself ready for the next part, _______?
D. are you
D. does he
( ) 5. Jim never goes to the movies on Saturday, _________?
C. doesn't he
【阅读提高能力训练】 一、完型填空。
We all know that it is __1__to keep healthy. But not all people know ___2__to keep healthy. After five days' hard work, we need to have a good rest at weekends. But it seems that some don't know how to spend weekends in the right way. They enjoy ___3__ cards at night and don't go to bed until midnight or even later. Some gamble (赌博) all night. They forget that to get___4__sleep is essential (必要的) for health. Some never get up early in the __5___ and take some exercise. It is true that doing exercise is very important for us to keep ___6__. Some smoke a lot. They forget that __7___ smokers are more likely (可能) to have lung cancer (肺癌) than those who don't smoke. Some drink too much wine. ____8___ too much is harmful (有害) to the body. Some eat too much rich food and get fatter and fatter. If you are much too fat, you may always ____9___ tired. Vegetables are good to the body. But some don't like eating vegetables. _____10___ is also very good to body. As a saying (谚语) goes, \( ) 1. A. important B. good C. nice D. happy ( ) 2. A. when B. how C. what D. why ( ) 3. A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays ( ) 4. A. much B. many C. a little D. enough ( ) 5. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day ( ) 6. A. health B. healthy C. clear D. up
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